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本研究采用基于最优控制理论的伴随法，把观测资料同化到陆架海域潮汐数值模型中去，优化开边界条件，提高数值预报的精度．潮汐模型的控制方程为考虑平流项、非线性底摩擦和侧向涡动粘性项的非线性浅水方程组；采用Lagrange乘子法建立了伴随模型．研究分两部分：第一部分即本文，建立非线性浅水方程模型的伴随方程、给出目标函数的梯度，并实现“孪生”数值试验；第二部分另文给出．“,”In order to improve the prediction of numerical tidal model in continental shelf, the open boundaryconditions are optimized by assimilating the observed data into the model in which the adjoint method, based on op-timal control theory, is used. The.nonlinear shallow water equations are considered in which horizontal kinematicnonlinearities, nonlinear bottom friction and horizontal eddy diffusion are included. The adjoint model is obtained byusing Lagrange multipliers. This study contains two parts: Part I (this paper) the establishment of the adjointmodel and twin-experiment, and part Ⅱ (another paper) the numerical results which are incorporated the datafrom tide stations with/without TOPEX/POSEIDON altimeter data for optimizing the open boundary conditions ofthe model