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马宏基、常庆丰合著的《称谓语》(为王立廷主编的《现代文化语汇丛书》之一种,新华出版社出版)一书,是一部从语言学角度研究现代汉语称谓语的佳作。 称谓语历史悠久,伴随着语言的产生而出现,是词汇系统中极为特殊和重要的一类。称谓语的作用,首先就是用一定的语言形式把各种各样的人际关系确定下来,表现出来。其次,几乎全部的交际行为都要使用称谓语,正确地使用称谓语往往是交际成功的关键。称谓语如此重要,理应引起人们的重视和研究。称谓语特别是亲属称谓语的研究在国外长期受到人们的青睐,文化人类学家和语言学家将其当作“活化石”加以研究,取得了许多令人瞩目的成果。在我国称谓语的研究相对滞后,虽然在古代人们就开始了称谓语的研究,像汉代的《尔雅》中的《释亲》就系统地介绍了亲属称谓语的意义和用法,但是这种研究始终没有在我国的传统语言学取得应有的地位。到了现代,语言学逐渐为人们所重视,但也是重语法研究轻词汇研究,作为词汇系统一部分的称谓语更少有人涉猎。进入八十年代,社会语言学和文化语言学在我国蓬勃兴起,人们逐渐意识到研究称谓语的重要性,写出了一批有较高学术水平的论文,很多人也在自己的专著中用专门章节进行讨论,成绩值得肯定。但是,这些研究比较随意,不够全面,不够系统,
Ma Hongji, Chang Qingfeng co-author of “appellation” (for Wang Li-ting editor of the “modern cultural vocabulary”, Xinhua Publishing House) is a book, from a Linguistic point of view of modern Chinese appellation terms excellent work. Appellation has a long history, appeared with the emergence of language, vocabulary system is extremely special and important category. The role of appellation language, the first is to use a certain language to determine a variety of interpersonal relationships, manifested. Second, almost all of the communicative acts should use appellations, and the correct use of appellations is often the key to communicative success. Addressing is so important that it should arouse people’s attention and research. The research on appellations, especially kinship terms, has long been favored by foreign people. Cultural anthropologists and linguists have studied it as “living fossils” and made many remarkable achievements. Although the study of appellations in China lags behind, although in ancient China people began to study appellations, the meaning and usage of appellations of relatives were systematically introduced into the " The study has never got its due status in our country’s traditional linguistics. In the modern age, linguistics has gradually been valued by people, but it is also a study of light vocabulary in grammar studies. Fewer appellations are included as part of the lexical system. In the 1980s, sociolinguistics and cultural linguistics flourished in our country. People gradually realized the importance of addressing appellations and wrote a number of theses with relatively high academic standards. Many people also used their monographs Dedicated chapters for discussion, the results deserve recognition. However, these studies are more random, less comprehensive, less systematic,