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目的调查某企业员工健康知识和职业卫生知识知晓率和卫生需求情况,为企业开展工作场所健康促进提供基础科学依据。方法采用整群抽样的方法,调查441名员工健康知识和职业卫生知识认知、行为生活习惯、健康知识和职业卫生知识需求等情况。结果员工对健康概念和吸烟对健康有影响的知晓率较高,分别为87.5%和94.1%;艾滋病传播途径的知晓率最低,为44.4%。不同岗位员工对成年血压正常范围、慢性病预防措施和艾滋病传播途径知晓率的差异有统计学意义(P<0.05或<0.01),生产人员知晓率相对较低。文化程度越高的员工对成年血压正常范围、高血压是否有症状、慢性病预防措施和艾滋病传播途径的知晓率也越高(P<0.01)。不同岗位员工对职业病防治法、职业病可预防、毒物进入人体途径知晓率的差异有统计学意义(P<0.05或<0.01),生产人员知晓率不全是最低的。文化程度越高,对“职业病可预防”的知晓率越高,对《职业病防治法》的知晓率反而越低(P均<0.01)。员工的吸烟率为35.7%,男性吸烟率高于女性吸烟率,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。员工对膳食平衡、传染病防治、体育锻炼、慢性病防治知识和职业卫生知识的需求较高。结论一般健康知识的知晓率有随学历而提高的趋势,而职业卫生知识的知晓率和岗位以及学历没有必然的联系。应加强慢性病、艾滋病防治等的健康教育,提高员工健康水平;加强对全员尤其是对管理人员的职业卫生知识宣传和教育。
Objective To investigate the awareness of health knowledge, occupational health knowledge and health needs of employees in an enterprise, and provide the basic scientific basis for enterprises to promote their health in the workplace. Methods A cluster sampling method was used to investigate the health literacy and occupational health cognition, behavioral habits, health knowledge and occupational health knowledge needs of 441 employees. Results The staff awareness of the health concept and the health effects of smoking were higher, 87.5% and 94.1% respectively, and the lowest awareness rate of AIDS transmission was 44.4%. The staffs in different positions had statistically significant differences in the awareness of the adult range of normal blood pressure, the preventive measures of chronic diseases and the transmission of AIDS (P <0.05 or <0.01), and the awareness of production staff was relatively low. The higher the level of education, the normal range of adult blood pressure, whether there are symptoms of hypertension, chronic disease prevention measures and awareness of the spread of AIDS is also higher (P <0.01). There were significant differences in the awareness of occupational disease prevention, prevention of occupational diseases and poison entering the human body among employees in different positions (P <0.05 or <0.01), and the lowest awareness rate among production staff. The higher the educational level, the higher the awareness of “prevention of occupational diseases” and the lower the awareness rate of “Occupational Disease Prevention Law” (P <0.01). The smoking rate of employees was 35.7%, the smoking rate of male was higher than that of female, the difference was statistically significant (P <0.01). Employees have a high demand for dietary balance, prevention and control of infectious diseases, physical exercise, chronic disease prevention and control knowledge and occupational health knowledge. Conclusion The awareness rate of general health knowledge tends to increase with academic qualifications. However, the awareness rate of occupational health knowledge is not necessarily related to position and academic qualifications. Health education on chronic diseases and HIV / AIDS prevention and control should be strengthened so as to improve the health of staff and workers; to enhance publicity and education on occupational health knowledge for all staff, especially for managers.