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目的探讨南昌市某新区流动儿童管理方法,为该区制定流动儿童免疫策略提供依据。方法从某新区4个片区随机抽取流动、常住儿童各240名,对抽取的儿童进行上门调查并按《南昌市儿童基础免疫接种情况调查表》逐项填写儿童基本信息、基础免疫接种情况,并对被调查儿童监护人预防接种知识、文化程度、影响接种因素进行调查分析。数据采用EpiData软件录入,使用EpiInfo2002软件进行统计学分析。结果该新区流动儿童预防接种信息系统录入率71.25%、建证率73.33%、各疫苗全程接种率分别为卡介苗74.17%、脊髓灰质炎疫苗70.00%、百白破73.75%、麻疹75.00%、乙肝71.67%、乙脑73.75%、流脑72.08%、甲肝66.67%、基础免疫全程覆盖率70.42%,均低于常住儿童。流动儿童基础免疫全程覆盖率随着监护人学历的提高而增加,监护人学历为高中及以上、初中及以下、文盲的基础免疫全程覆盖率分别为88.89%、67.65%、40.65%。结论调查结果表明,该新区应加大建筑工地、农民拆迁还建区,与临界县区交界区流动人口的免疫规划知识宣传力度;加强流动儿童免疫接种的管理及基础免疫的查漏补种工作。
Objective To explore the management of floating children in a new district in Nanchang and provide the basis for formulating the immunization strategy for floating children in this area. Methods A total of 240 floating and permanent children were randomly selected from 4 districts in a certain district. The surveyed children were investigated on-site and the basic information and basic immunization status of children were filled in according to the Questionnaire on Basic Immunization of Children in Nanchang To investigate the guardian of vaccination knowledge, education level, influencing factors of vaccination investigation and analysis. The data were entered using EpiData software and used for statistical analysis using EpiInfo2002 software. Results The vaccination information system of floating children in the new district recorded an infusion rate of 71.25% and a construction rate of 73.33%. The vaccination coverage of the vaccines was 74.17% for BCG, 70.00% for polio vaccine, 73.75% for measles, 75.00% for measles, 71.67 for hepatitis B %, 73.75% of JE, 72.08% of meningitis, 66.67% of A, and 70.42% of the whole course of basic immunization, all of which were lower than that of resident children. The coverage of basic immunization of migrant children increased with the increase of guardian’s education. The guardian’s educational attainment was high school and above, junior high school and below, and the coverage rate of basic immunization of illiterates was 88.89%, 67.65% and 40.65% respectively. Conclusions The survey results show that this new district should increase knowledge of immunization planning for migrant population in construction sites, peasants relocated areas, border areas with border counties and districts; strengthen the management of immunization of migrant children and the leak detection and replanting of basic immunization .