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通过小分子选择性靶向特殊基因,进而调节该基因所参与的生物学功能一直是生物无机化学领域十分活跃的研究课题。其中,DNA的手性识别引起了人们的高度重视,因为越来越多的研究表明,DNA的手性转化以及DNA构象的多样性与一系列重要的生命过程密切相关。此外,DNA的手性识别对于药物的合成以及DNA构象探针的设计也非常重要。在过去的几十年里,人们合成了大量的手性小分子和金属配合物,能够对B-DNA,Z-DNA以及G-四链DNA表现出特异性识别。由于独特的4fn的电子结构,稀土配合物已经广泛地应用于生物荧光探针以及磁共振成像。另外,作为人工核酸酶,稀土配合物表现出高效的促进DNA和RNA的水解能力,并且不会造成氧化损伤。近年来,人们正努力发现能够选择性靶向DNA进而调制DNA性质的稀土手性配合物,并已经取得了显著的成果。本文总结了目前关于稀土手性配合物对核酸的手性识别及选择性调控等方面的研究进展。
It has been a very active research topic in the field of bio-inorganic chemistry that the selective targeting of a specific gene by a small molecule to thereby regulate the biological function involved in the gene. Among them, the chiral recognition of DNA has drawn great attention because more and more researches show that the chiral transformation of DNA and the diversity of DNA conformation are closely related to a series of important life processes. In addition, chiral recognition of DNA is also important for the synthesis of drugs and the design of DNA conformation probes. In the past few decades, a large number of small chiral molecules and metal complexes have been synthesized, which can specifically recognize B-DNA, Z-DNA and G-quadruplex DNA. Due to the unique 4fn electronic structure, rare earth complexes have been widely used in bioluminescent probes as well as in magnetic resonance imaging. In addition, rare earth complexes, as artificial nucleases, are shown to efficiently promote the hydrolysis of DNA and RNA without causing oxidative damage. In recent years, efforts are being made to find rare earth chiral complexes that can selectively target DNA to modulate the properties of DNA and have achieved remarkable results. This article summarizes the current research progress on the chiral recognition and selective regulation of nucleic acids by rare earth chiral complexes.