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当前,实行老年社会保险的发达国家,工作人员的退休年龄出现了明显后移的倾向。如日本,政府明令退休年龄从55岁后移到60岁,美国则从本世纪30年代规定的65岁后移到70岁。发达国家退休年龄普遍后移是由一系列原因促成的。劳动力短缺发达国家出生率低,人口衰退,造成劳动力短缺。当前科学技术的发展促进了生产机械化、自动化,在一定程度上缓解了劳动力的紧张。此外,依靠引进外籍工人以从事那些繁重、肮脏、有害健康和危险的生产操作以及吸引退休人员再就业等,也是发达国家为解决劳动力短缺而采取的重要措施。然而实施了这种种措施后,发达国家仍不能根本解决劳动力短缺这个难题。考虑到未来进入劳动年龄的人口还会绝对减少,各国政府自然或势将推迟法定退休年龄。
At present, the retirement age of staff in the developed countries that implement social insurance for seniors has shown a tendency to shift significantly. In Japan, for example, the government explicitly shifted the retirement age from 55 to 60 and the United States moved from the age of 65 in the 1930s to the age of 70. The general postponement of the retirement age in developed countries was prompted by a series of reasons. Labor shortage In developed countries, the birth rate is low and the population is in recession, resulting in a shortage of labor. The current development of science and technology promoted the mechanization and automation of production and alleviated the labor shortage to a certain extent. In addition, relying on the introduction of foreign workers to engage in heavy, dirty, unhealthy and dangerous production operations and attracting retirees and re-employment are also important measures developed by the developed countries to address the labor shortage. However, the implementation of such measures, the developed countries still can not fundamentally solve the problem of labor shortage. In view of the absolute reduction of the population entering the working age in the future, governments of various countries will naturally or potentially postpone the legal retirement age.