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15世纪末、16世纪初的地理大发现,揭开了世界近代史的序幕。随着荷兰商人和英国商人的东来,东西方之间发生了近代意义上的第一次撞击。由于所处的社会发展水平和政治文化环境各异,这次撞击在东方国家引起的反响是大不相同的:具备专制制度雏形的日本关上了大门,集权的天国满清王朝以武力为后盾将夷狄之邦的蕃船洋货限制在沿海的少数几个地点。与日本和中国相反,当时的印度既没有闭关锁国也不是指定地点进行对外贸易。西方主要国家的东印度公司在普拉西战役前同印度进行了长达100多年的自由贸易,成为莫卧儿时代经济、社会生活中引人注目的现象。
The discovery of geography in the late 15th and early 16th century opened the prelude to the modern history of the world. With the arrival of Dutch traders and British traders, the first collision in the modern sense took place between East and West. Due to the different levels of social development and political and cultural environment in the country, the impact caused by the crash in the East is quite different: Japan, which had the embryonic form of the autocratic rule, closed its doors and the empire Manchu Empire under centralized power was backed by force The barbarians of the barbarian state are limited to a few locations along the coast. In contrast to Japan and China, India at the time did not have either a closed country nor a designated place for foreign trade. The East Indian companies of the major western countries conducted free trade with India for more than 100 years before the Battle of Praxair and became a striking phenomenon in the Mogul’s economic and social life.