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本文初步总结了伴随我国一些大地震前后电离层的异常现象,结果表明,临震前电离层形态扰动异常是比较普遍的现象;其次是F层“高点位移”的时空分布异常。它们可能与电离层局部生成不均匀电子“云块”有关,以及与震前地磁场、地电场及地面电学性质有关。进一步观测和研究电离层异常现象将有助于估计强震的大致地区和临震时间。文中还就电离层—地磁场—地震关系进行了初步的讨论,指出电离层与地震的联系可能是由于地磁场耦合作用。
This paper summarizes the anomalies of the ionosphere before and after some major earthquakes in our country. The results show that it is a common phenomenon that the disturbance of ionospheric morphology before the earthquake is relatively common, followed by the spatiotemporal distribution anomaly of “high-point displacement” in the F-layer. They may be related to the local generation of nonuniform electron “clouds” in the ionosphere, as well as the geomagnetic field, geoelectric field and terrestrial electrical properties before the earthquake. Further observation and study of the ionospheric anomalies will help to estimate the approximate area of strong earthquakes and the ephemeral time. The paper also discussed the relationship between ionosphere-geomagnetic field-earthquake and pointed out that the relation between ionosphere and earthquake may be due to the coupling of geomagnetic field.