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概述苏州高岭土矿床属火成岩热液和次生沉积两种类型。其开采技术条件的特征是:①矿体连续性差,厚度一般20～30米,最厚达90米,倾角在20～50°之间。按产状要素可分倾斜、缓倾斜厚矿体及缓倾斜中厚以下矿体两类。②矿石有六种自然类型,质量分布不均匀,品级变化很大,要求分采。矿石松软,硬度f=1～2,回采时可用风镐落矿而不需凿岩爆破;粘结性强,遇水膨胀而崩解,估计流动性能差。③围岩不稳定。顶板主要为泥质细砂岩和角砾岩,节理发育;底板为大理岩,溶洞和裂隙发育,为主要含水层。围岩与矿体接触处强烈高岭土化,形成10～30米厚的蚀变带。矿床地下开采历史较久。本文拟就地表不需保护矿段应用分层崩落法开采时的某些问题进行讨论。
Summary Suzhou kaolin deposit belongs to the two types of igneous hydrothermal and secondary sedimentation. Its mining conditions are characterized by: â ’¢ poor continuity of ore bodies, the general thickness of 20 to 30 meters, the maximum thickness of 90 meters, dip angle between 20 ~ 50 °. According to the production elements can be divided into inclined, gently inclined thick ore body and moderately inclined ore body two types below. ② There are six natural types of ore, the uneven distribution of quality, grade great changes, requiring sub-mining. Ore soft, hardness f = 1 ~ 2, mining blasting blasting can be used without blasting demolition blasting; cohesion, water expansion and disintegration, it is estimated poor fluidity. ③ rock instability. The top plate is mainly composed of argillaceous fine sandstone and breccia with joint development. The bottom plate is composed of marble, caverns and fissures and is the main aquifer. The contact between the surrounding rock and the ore body is strongly kaolinized, forming an alteration zone of 10-30 meters thick. Underground mining has a long history. In this paper, we discuss some problems in the mining of the surface without protective caving mining using the subsided caving method.