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以小麦全生育期及地表全膜覆盖、膜上覆土、一膜连用、穴播为特点的全膜覆土免耕穴播栽培技术,是一项全新的旱作增产措施,本研究设计二因素四水平四重复随机区组试验,从不同密度下产量及其相关因子的层面,对其增产机理进行研究。结果表明:全膜技术可以显著改变冬小麦生育进程,播种期可推迟10d-15d,促使提前返青和成熟,提高越冬前壮苗率,对农艺性状变化具有明显的正效应;大幅增加产量,增产率较CK高22.79%-34.73%,净产量增加1304.11kg/hm2-1715.16kg/hm2;10粒/穴密度能够达到最高产量7055.10kg/hm2,产量的大幅提高获益于诸因子的综合效应,特别是群体、有效分蘖数、有效小穗数、穗粒数和籽粒容重的显著增加。全膜对各性状和产量因子的效应,随种植密度的不同而存在差异,8-10粒/穴密度可以最大化地利用该技术挖掘产量潜力、提高相关因子的生产能力,防止倒伏和后期脱肥早衰;密度小于该范围不利于群体增加,大于它则易于倒伏、脱肥,养分发生严重偏耗,造成减产。该技术在降雨量小于500mm的雨养旱地冬小麦区,能够达到积蓄无效降水、提升深层水分、提高水分利用效率、前期增加地表温度,后期有效降温的效果,可以挖掘品种产量潜力、提供优良生长环境等作用,有益于各因子的协调生长,从而获得高产。
Full-term wheat cover and cover the entire surface of the film, the membrane overlying soil, a film with the hole-sowing all-film soil cover no-sowing cultivation techniques, is a new drought stimulation measures, the study design two factors four four Repeated randomized block experiments, from the different densities of yield and its related factors level, to study its yield-increasing mechanism. The results showed that the full-film technology could significantly change the growth of winter wheat, the sowing date could be postponed for 10d-15d, prompting the early greening and maturity, and increasing the seedling growth rate before winter, had a significant positive effect on agronomic traits; significantly increasing the yield and yield 22.79% -34.73% higher than that of CK and net production increased by 1304.11kg / hm2-1715.16kg / hm2. The highest yield of 7055.10kg / hm2 could be achieved with 10 grains / hole density. The substantial increase of yield benefited from the comprehensive effect of various factors, It is a significant increase in population, effective tiller number, number of effective spikelets, grains per spike and kernel weight. The effects of total membrane on traits and yield factors vary with plant density, and 8-10 grains / plant density can be exploited to maximize yield potential, increase production of related factors, and prevent lodging and post-harvest Fertility premature aging; density is less than the range is not conducive to population increase, more than it is easy to lodging, fattening, nutrient serious partial consumption, resulting in reduced production. This technology can achieve the effect of ineffective precipitation accumulation, precipitation accumulation, water use efficiency increase, surface temperature increase in the early stage and effective cooling in the late stage, which can tap the yield potential of varieties and provide an excellent growth environment And so on, is conducive to the coordinated growth of various factors, so as to obtain high yield.