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在煤的采掘过程中,如果碰上断层、煤层变薄或者矸石层,不仅要减少产量,甚至会引起涌水.所以为了提高采矿效率,保障采矿安全,迫切需要对煤矿床的构造及地层特征作详细地了解.地表物探方法获得的资料往往精度不够.虽然煤层的构造扰动可以通过揭露和巷探来追索,但是,这种方法又非常昂贵.本文推荐一种国外开发的地下电法,这种方法既经济,又能够确定煤矿中的构造扰动和煤层中的变薄部分,进而可以确定附近的平巷和可开采区的地质情况.这种方法叫地电煤层探测法和煤层透射法.煤层探测法和煤层透射法都是建立在煤层相对于其顶板和底板岩层来说是高阻层这种基本原理上的.在有构造扰动和断裂带的地方,高阻煤层被截断,低阻的煤层顶、底板岩石相互接触,所以用赤道偶极排列在这种情况下测得的视电阻值明显低于正常地层的视电阻值.因此,利用这种视电阻的减小值确定构造扰动和断裂带是可行的.煤层探测法的测量原理如图1所示.该图表示的是三层(顶板、煤层、底板)的情况.供电电极A、B与测量电极M、N放置在同一个平巷里.A、B分别置于煤层的顶、底边界沿上.通过A、B电极往地层里注入电流Ⅰ.测量电极M、N也分别置于煤层顶、底板界沿上.由测量电极观测电位差数据V.两偶极子A B和MN之间的距离为r,r逐渐扩大.反映煤层电阻?
In the process of coal mining, if it encounters fault, thin coal seam or gangue layer, it not only reduces the output but also causes gushing water.Therefore, in order to improve the mining efficiency and ensure the safety of mining, the structure and stratigraphic features of coal bed are urgently needed It is understood in detail that the data obtained by surface geophysical methods are often not accurate enough.Although structural perturbations of the coal seam can be traced through revelation and alley exploration, this method is very expensive.This article recommends a developed underground electricity method, which The method is economical and can determine structural perturbations in coal mines and thinned sections in coal seams to determine the geology of nearby lanes and recoverable areas, a method called ground coal seam detection and coal seam transmission. The coal seam detection method and the coal seam transmission method are based on the basic principle that a coal seam is a high resistance layer relative to its roof and floor strata. Where there is structural disturbance and fault zones, the high resistance seam is truncated and the low resistance Of the top coal seam, bottom rock contact with each other, so the equatorial dipole arrangement in this case measured apparent resistance was significantly lower than the normal formation of the apparent resistance.Therefore, the use of this It is feasible to determine the reduction of apparent resistivity to construct disturbance and fault zone.The principle of coal seam detection method is shown in Fig. 1. The figure shows the situation of three layers (roof, coal seam and bottom plate) B and measurement electrodes M, N placed in the same alley.A, B were placed in the coal seam at the top and bottom edge of the border through the A, B electrode into the formation of current I. Measurement electrode M, N were also set At the top of the coal seam, along the floor boundary, the potential difference data is observed by the measuring electrode V. The distance between the two dipoles AB and MN is r and r gradually increases, reflecting the coal seam resistance?