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名实问题,是春秋战国时期各家学派争论的焦点之一。孔子提出“正名论”,邓析提出“两可说”,老子提出“无名论”,可见名实之辩已为当时世人所重视。孔子提出正名论,是从维护原有政治道德名份着眼的,但也接触到人的思维规律问题,即已经提到名(概念)和言(判断)的关系问题。另外他还提到辞(言)和意的关系(“辞达而已矣”),以及“举一反三”的类比关系问题等,孔子的正名论给后来儒家学派的名实观奠定了基调。对后来的孟子起到一定的启发诱导作用。
The question of real name is one of the focal points of various schools of thought in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. Confucius put forward the theory of “rectification of names,” Deng analyzed “two can be said,” and Lao Tzu proposed “anonymous theory.” This shows that the defense of real names has been given attention by the world at that time. Confucius put forward the name theory, which is from the maintenance of original political morals, but also touches on the law of human thinking, that is, the name (concept) and speech (judgment) are already mentioned. In addition, he also mentioned the relationship between words (meaning) and meaning (“resigned”) and the analogy of “giving top priority to unity”. Confucius’s name theory laid the keynote for the later Confucianist name and reality. Mencius later inspired a certain degree of inspiration.