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对约翰·洛克两种性质理论的研究可谓浩如烟海,仁者见仁,智者见智。自60年代,特别是自80年代初以来,中国学者陆续提出过一些独特的观点。迄今为止,所涉及的问题都是澄清性的,即如何认识洛克的二等性质及其与一等性质的关系,这个问题可以说基本上得到解决。但是,我们对洛克在《人类理智论》第八章用大量篇幅讨论物体性质并提出一个自相矛盾的理论有些不解,哲学史著作中也只在洛克这里见到这么一个孤零零的前后不一致的理论,不见上下文。笔者认为,产生这种情况的主要原因有二,其一是不明白洛克两种性质理论自相矛盾的成因,其二是不明白洛克两种性质理论在近代哲学史上的确切地位。这两个原因当然不能截然分开,本文主要就第—个原因谈一点看法。洛克在《人类理智论》2卷八章将物质对象的性质分成两类,第—性的质是与物质对象本身不能分离的,无论对象如何变化,它们都存在于对象之中。比如,坚固性(Solidity)、广袤、形状、运动、静止、数目等,它们与其观
The study of the two theories of John Locke can be described as voluminous, benevolent see the benevolence, the wise see the wisdom. Since the 1960s, and especially since the early 1980s, Chinese scholars have come up with some unique ideas. So far, all the issues involved have been clarified. That is, how to understand Locke’s second-class nature and its relationship with the first-class nature can basically be solved. However, we are somewhat puzzled by Locke’s extensive discussion of the nature of objects and the proposition of a paradoxical theory in Chapter 8 of “Human Reasoning Theory.” In Philosophical History writings, we see such a solitary inconsistent Theory, no context. The author believes that there are two main reasons for this situation. One is that they do not understand the contradictory causes of Locke’s two nature theories. The second is that they do not understand the exact position of Locke’s two nature theories in the history of modern philosophy. Of course, these two reasons can not be completely separated. This article mainly talks about the first reason. Locke classifies the nature of material objects into two categories in Chapter 8 of Human Reason Theory. The first qualitative nature is inseparable from the material object itself, and no matter how the objects change, they all exist in the object. For example, the solidity (Solidity), vastness, shape, movement, stillness, number, etc., their view