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一些元素（Ｋ，Ｒｂ，Ｒｅ，Ｓｍ，Ｌｕ，Ｕ和Ｔｈ）的自然长寿命放射性同位素，衰变为另种元素稳定同位素的作用，广泛应用于岩石和矿物的年龄测定。这种测年提供了关于地球地质历史的信息，并已用于标定地质年代表。同位素测年的物理原理并不难理解，但所需要的测定技术，则要求同位素地球化学家利用地质人员采集的样品进行熟练精细的操作。对测年结果的解释也应由双方合作进行，并且在很大程度上依靠区域和地区的地质信息。笔者只介绍最广泛应用于测定岩浆岩和变质岩年龄的同位素方法，其余的一些方法只一提而过，详见同位素地质年代学专著
Natural long-lived radioactive isotopes of some elements (K, Rb, Re, Sm, Lu, U and Th) decay into stable isotopes of other elements and are widely used in the age determination of rocks and minerals. This dating provides information on the geological history of the earth and has been used to calibrate the geologic chronology. The physical principles of isotope dating are not hard to understand, but the required techniques require that isotope geochemists use the samples collected by the geologists for their meticulous work. The interpretation of the dating results should also be carried out by cooperation between the two parties and to a large extent depend on the regional and regional geological information. The author only describes the most widely used isotope method for determining the ages of magmatic rocks and metamorphic rocks. The rest of the methods are only mentioned by reference. See Isotope Geochronology Monograph