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中药制炭入药巳有2000余年历史。随着用药经验的不断丰富,炭药的品种不断增加,应用范围也不断扩大。炭药的作用有:使质地坚硬不易煎煮或不易粉碎者变得易于煎煮和粉碎;使外用于疮疡、瘀伤、带下等药物及内服于泻痢的药物加强收敛祛湿性质;去除某些腥臭秽浊之气;增进药物温热性质等。元代葛可久提出“红见黑则止”的理论后,炭药用于止血渐占炭药的主导地位。但根据临床和药理资料分析,“红见黑则止”理论似不具普遍指导意义,“红”与“黑”不具必然的联系性。某些药物制炭后止血作用反而减弱。只要是止血药,非黑色同样止血;非止血药,即使黑色或制成黑色也不止血。为此,笔者认为以“红见黑则止”作为指导止血药的应用,是值得商榷的。
The use of Chinese medicine for making charcoal is more than 2,000 years old. With the continuous enrichment of drug use experience, the varieties of charcoal drugs continue to increase, and the scope of application is also expanding. The role of charcoal drugs are: to make the texture hard and difficult to decoct or easy to crush those who become easy to decoction and crushed; so that for external sores, bruises, vaginal discharge and other drugs and oral administration of diarrhea drugs to enhance the convergence of dampness properties; Remove some turbid odor and turbidity; improve the drug’s warm nature and so on. In the Yuan Dynasty, Ge Keji proposed the theory of “Redness and Blackness is Stopped.” After the theory of charcoal medicine, he used hemostasis to gradually occupy the dominant position of charcoal. However, according to the analysis of clinical and pharmacological data, the theory of “reversing the blackness and stopping the blackness” does not seem to have universal guiding significance, and “red” and “black” are not necessarily linked. The hemostatic effect of certain drugs has weakened after carbonization. As long as it is a hemostatic drug, non-black also stops bleeding; non-hemostatic drugs, even if black or black, do not stop bleeding. For this reason, the author believes that the application of hemostatic drugs as a guide to “restricting redness and blackness” is debatable.