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笔者在实践中,经常遇到牛黄、麝香、熊胆、蟾酥、檀香、西洋参的伪品,对临床用药极为不利。现将以上真伪品的快速鉴别法介绍如下,以供参考。 [牛黄]真品鲜牛黄针刺拔出后,针不带黄;口尝清凉芳香,味微苦;干牛黄破碎面,有显著天然层次,薄而均匀,将牛黄蘸水涂于指甲上,用水冲洗不掉黄色(称透甲)。伪品用针刺出针后带黄;口尝发酥,特别苦,质坚硬,涂于指甲上,水冲洗无黄色。 [麝香]真晶用手紧捏,放手后恢复原状;用火烧如燃发一样,发出强烈香味和焦味,本晶加温后,完全挥发;放在温开水杯中,呈微黄色,水清而浑,倾出后香气经久不息,口尝刺激性很强,先苦带甜辣,后微咸酸;有弹性。伪品手捏放开后,不能恢复原状;用火烧无强烈香气;加温不完全挥发;放温开水中,无黄色;水浑倾出无香气;口尝无刺激性,也无甜辣咸酸;无弹性。
In practice, the author often encounters counterfeits of bezoar, musk, bear bile, konjac, sandalwood, and American ginseng, which are extremely unfavorable for clinical use. The above method of rapid identification of authentic products is described below for reference. [Bezoar]Authentic fresh bezoar acupuncture pulled out, the needle does not bring yellow; mouth taste cool and aromatic, slightly bitter taste; dry bezoar broken surface, there is a significant natural level, thin and uniform, the water applied to the fingernail, water Rinse out yellow (called penetration). The counterfeit product is needled with a needle and then it is yellowed; the mouth tastes crisp, it is bitter, and it is hard, and it is applied to the nails. The water is not washed yellow. [Muxiang] True crystals are pinched by hand and restored to their original state after being released. With a burning fire, a strong scent and burnt smell are given. After the crystal is warmed up, it is completely volatilized; it is placed in a warm water cup and is slightly yellow and clear. The wolfberry, long after the fragrance poured out, the stimuli is very strong, the first bitter with sweet and spicy, slightly salty acid; elastic. After the counterfeit product is pinched, it cannot be restored to its original shape; no strong aroma is burned with the fire; the warming is not completely volatilized; the warm water is opened, no yellow; the blisters pour out without aroma; the mouth tastes no irritation, and there is no sweet and sour taste Acid; inelastic.