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现代科技的实用主义应用导致了严重的全球性生态环境问题,这一问题的产生根植于西方传统哲学文化对人与自然关系的片面性理解。针对这一问题,德裔美籍哲学家汉斯·约纳斯在其代表作《责任原理——技术文明时代的伦理学》一书中首次明确地倡导责任伦理学,深刻反思技术时代对生态物种乃至人类生存造成的消极影响,把责任推向伦理学问题的核心,试图以此为技术时代的伦理学建立基础,把人类生存作为责任伦理学的首要要求。通过反思并批判西方哲学对于人与自然关系的二元论理解,汉斯·约纳斯拒斥现代科技把人与自然的关系当作一种“利用”关系来对待,进而用人本论解释康德的绝对命令,呈现了环境伦理理论的新视界:一方面,在一般哲学问题上将心灵哲学推进并转变为超越传统二元分立的人类本体论;另一方面,在环境问题上指出人类对于后代乃至整个生物圈都负有责任。约纳斯的论点不仅为技术发展提供了新思路,也为人类在宇宙中的地位问题提出了颇有启发的思考方式。
The pragmatic application of modern science and technology has led to a serious problem of global ecological environment. This problem is rooted in the unilateral understanding of the relationship between man and nature in the traditional Western philosophy and culture. In response to this problem, German-American philosopher Hans Jonas first explicitly advocated responsible ethics in his masterpiece “The Responsibility Principle - Ethics in the Age of Technological Civilization”, deeply reflecting on the development of ecological species As well as the negative impact caused by human existence. It tries to push the responsibility to the core of ethical issues and attempts to establish a foundation for ethics in the technological age and regard human existence as the primary requirement of ethics of responsibility. By reflecting on and critiquing the dualistic understanding of the relationship between man and nature in Western philosophy, Hans Jonas rejects the fact that modern science and technology treat the relationship between man and nature as a kind of “utilization” relationship, The absolute order of environmental ethics presents a new horizon of environmental ethic theory: on the one hand, it promotes and transforms philosophical philosophy onto the humanistic ontology beyond the traditional dichotomy on the general philosophical issues; on the other hand, on the environmental issue, Even the entire biosphere are responsible. Jonas’s thesis not only provides new ideas for technological development, but also provides quite inspiring ways of thinking about the status of mankind in the universe.