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社会保险制度改革涉及面广,政策性强,是一项十分复杂的系统工程。加快社会保险改革,加速构建新的社会保险体系,是我国改革深化的攻坚战,是建立现代企业制度、建立社会主义市场新机制的必要条件和重要保证。 一、我国社会保险面临的基本形势 (一)我国即将步入老龄型国家的行列,全社会养老费用支出将大幅度增长。到本世纪末,我国将成为老龄型国家,伴随着人口老龄化的到来,离退休人员费用支出将急剧增加。1993年比1992年增加基本养老保险金支出124亿元,1994年比1993年又增加支出279亿元。据财政部的决算资料,1993年全国五项社会保险总支出额1065.53亿元,其中养老保险支出595.43亿元,占55.9％,医疗保险支出459.8亿元,占43.2％,仅此两项保险支出就占社会保险总支出额的99％。从人口年龄结构老化的趋势看,我国人口年龄结构老化的高峰期将在下个世纪二、三十年代到来,也就是说未来二、三十年我国离退休人员的数量仍将持续增长,社会养老保险的负担将进一步加重。另外,农村还有1亿左右的60岁以上的老人养老问题需要政府帮助解决,仅靠国家财政支出将难以负担。
Social insurance system reform involves a wide range of policies, strong, is a very complex system engineering. Speeding up the reform of social insurance and speeding up the construction of a new social insurance system are the crucial battlefields for deepening our reform and are the necessary conditions and an important guarantee for establishing a modern enterprise system and for establishing a new socialist market mechanism. First, the basic situation facing China’s social insurance (a) China is about to enter the ranks of aging countries, the entire social pension costs will grow substantially. By the end of this century, our country will become an aging country. With the aging of population, expenditure on retired personnel will increase sharply. In 1993, the expenditure on basic old-age insurance increased from 12.4 billion yuan in 1992 to 27.9 billion yuan in 1994 as compared with 1993. According to the Ministry of Finance’s final accounts, in 1993 the total expenditure on social insurance in the country was 106.553 billion yuan, of which 59.543 billion yuan was for pension insurance, accounting for 55.9%, and medical insurance expenditure was 45.98 billion yuan, accounting for 43.2% of the total. Only the two insurance expenditures Accounting for 99% of the total expenditure on social insurance. From the perspective of the aging population structure, the peak age structure of China’s population aged will come in the next two decades. In other words, the number of retired people in our country will continue to grow in the next two or three decades. The social pension The burden of insurance will be further aggravated. In addition, there are still 100 million rural residents over the age of 60 need the help of the government to help solve the problem, relying solely on state financial spending will be difficult to afford.