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一、早期的强震仪83型强震仪的研制成功及全国性的普及必将会打开日本气象厅地震观测史上的新局面。在此有必要回顾一下一百多年来气象厅强震仪的发展史。1875年6月1日,东京气象台在创建的同时购置了 Palmieri 式地震仪,正式开始地震观测。这是一种强震仪,在 U 型管内注满水银,将一锤体悬浮在水银液面上并通过滑轮系上平衡锤取得平衡。一旦发生地震,水银液面便晃动而将浮锤顶起停留在最高位置,这时测定滑轮在这个位置上的旋转角度,所得到的角度即定为地震强度。这种地震仪一直使用到1883年。在这段期间所观测到的地震发生次数最多的年份是1880年,共有74次。当年2月22日发生了以东京湾为震中的所谓直下型地震(M5.9),东京、横滨成为受灾中心。
First, the early strong seismograph 83 type seismograph developed successfully and the nationwide popularization will surely open the Japan Meteorological Agency in the history of the earthquake observation of the new situation. Here it is necessary to review the history of the development of the Meteorological Agency’s seismographs for over one hundred years. June 1, 1875, Tokyo Meteorological Observatory created at the same time the acquisition of the Palmieri seismograph, the official start of the earthquake observation. This is a strong earthquake instrument, filled with mercury in the U-shaped tube, a hammer suspended in the mercury liquid surface and balanced by pulley balancer. In the event of an earthquake, the liquid level of mercury will move and lift the floating hammer at the highest position. At this moment, the rotation angle of the pulleys in this position will be measured and the angle obtained will be the seismic intensity. This seismograph has been used until 1883. The number of earthquakes observed during this period was 1880, a total of 74. The so-called direct type earthquake (M5.9) hit Tokyo Bay on February 22 that year. Tokyo and Yokohama were the disaster centers.