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交叉韧带在维持膝关节稳定性上起着重要作用。探讨交叉韧带功能解剖和生物力学特点,有助于了解其功能、损伤机制、诊断及修复等多个方面,同时,对于交叉束的重建、术后指导康复锻炼及促进功能恢复也都具有重要意义。对膝关节交叉韧带损伤的正确诊断,是患者获得良好预后的关键。关节镜和磁共振成像(MRI)检查,是目前临床诊断膝关节交叉韧带损伤应用较多的方法,但关节镜检查具有一定创伤性;而MRI检查虽无创,但检查时间较长,价格昂贵,禁忌证相对较多,且对于合并骨质损伤交叉韧带损伤的诊断存在一定局限性。近年来,随着CT诊断技术的不断发展,特别是双能量CT诊断技术的开发和逐步应用,CT检查在显示肌腱、韧带等方面已表现出独特优势;同时,CT检查速度快,禁忌证相对少,对于合并骨质损伤者,能够全面分析其骨折及韧带损伤等情况。本文就膝关节交叉韧带损伤机制、类型,以及不同影像学技术在其诊断中的应用研究进展进行了阐述。
Cruciate ligaments play an important role in maintaining knee stability. To investigate the anatomical and biomechanical features of cruciate ligaments is helpful to understand its function, injury mechanism, diagnosis and repair, and so on. At the same time, it is also important for the reconstruction of cross-beams, post-operative rehabilitation and functional rehabilitation . The correct diagnosis of the cruciate ligament injury in the knee is the key to obtaining a good prognosis for the patient. Arthroscopy and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examination, is currently clinically diagnosed cruciate ligament injury in knee joint application more, but arthroscopy has a certain traumatic; and MRI examination, although noninvasive, but the inspection time longer, more expensive, Contraindications are relatively more, and there are some limitations for the diagnosis of cruciate ligament injury with bone damage. In recent years, with the continuous development of CT diagnostic techniques, especially the development and application of dual-energy CT diagnostic techniques, CT examination has shown unique advantages in displaying tendons and ligaments. Meanwhile, the CT examination is fast and the contraindications are relative Less, for those with combined bone damage, to a comprehensive analysis of their fracture and ligament damage and so on. This article describes the mechanism and types of cruciate ligament injury, as well as the application of different imaging techniques in their diagnosis.