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By increasing the yield strengths of austenitic stainless steels for pressure vessels with strain hardening techniques,the elastic load bearing capacity of austenitic stainless steel pressure vessels can be significantly improved.Two kinds of strain hardening methods are often used for austenitic stainless steel pressure vessels:Avesta model for ambient temperature applications and Ardeform model for cryogenic temperature applications.Both methods are obtained from conventional design rules based on the linear elastic theory,and only consider the hardening effect from materials.Consequently this limits the applications of strain hardening techniques for austenitic stainless steel pressure vessels because of safety concerns.This paper investigates the effect of strain hardening on the load bearing capacity of austenitic stainless steel pressure vessels under large deformation,based on the elastic-plastic theory.Firstly,to understand the effect of strain hardening on material behavior,the plastic instability loads of a round tensile bar specimen are derived under two different loading paths and validated by experiments.Secondly,to investigate the effect of strain hardening on pressure vessels strength, the plastic instability pressure under strain hardening is derived and further validated by finite element simulations.Further,the safety margin of pressure vessels after strain hardening is analyzed by comparing the safety factor values calculated from bursting tests,finite element analyses,and standards.The researching results show that the load bearing capacity of pressure vessels at ambient temperature is independent of the loading history when the effects of both material strain hardening and structural deformation are considered.Finite element simulations and bursting tests results show that the minimum safety factor of austenitic stainless steel pressure vessels with 5% strain hardening is close to the recommended value for common pressure vessels specified in the European pressure vessel standard.The proposed study also shows that in the strain hardening design of austenitic stainless steel pressure vessels,the calculation for plastic instability pressure could use theoretical formula or finite element analyses based on geometrical dimensions and material property parameters before strain hardening,but a 5%strain should be employed as a design limit.The proposed research can be used for the strain hardening design of austenitic stainless steel pressure vessels safely.
By increasing the yield strengths of austenitic stainless steels for pressure vessels with strain hardening techniques, the elastic load bearing capacity of austenitic stainless steel pressure vessels can be significantly improved. Two kinds of strain hardening methods are often used for austenitic stainless steel pressure vessels: Avesta model for ambient temperature applications and Ardeform model for cryogenic temperature applications. Both methods are obtained from conventional design rules based on the linear elastic theory, and only consider the hardening effect from materials. Cited this limits the applications of strain hardening techniques for austenitic stainless steel pressure vessels because of safety concerns. This paper investigates the effect of strain hardening on the load bearing capacity of austenitic stainless steel pressure vessels under large deformation, based on the elastic-plastic theory. Firstly, to understand the effect of strain hardening on material behavior , th e plastic instability loads of a round tensile bar specimen are derived under two different loading paths and validated by experiments. Secondarily, to investigate the effect of strain hardening on pressure vessels strength, the plastic instability pressure under strain hardening is derived and further validated by finite element simulations.Further, the safety margin of pressure vessels after strain hardening is analyzed by comparing the safety factor values calculated from bursting tests, finite element analyzes, and standards. the researching results show that the load bearing capacity of pressure vessels at ambient temperature is independent of the loading history when the effects of both material strain hardening and structural deformation are considered. Finite element simulations and bursting tests results show the the minimum safety factor of austenitic stainless steel pressure vessels with 5% strain hardening is close to the recommended value for common pressure vessels specified in ththe proposed study also shows that in the strain hardening design of austenitic stainless steel pressure vessels, the calculation for plastic instability pressure could use theoretical formula or finite element analyzes based on geometrical dimensions and material property parameters before strain hardening, but a 5% strain should be employed as a design limit. The proposed research can be used for the strain hardening design of austenitic stainless steel pressure vessels safely.