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比较了(光敏s/正常品种)F_1及F_2为供体亲本,对在花药培养时所获得的花粉植株中不育个体/全部花粉植株之比例的影响。结果表明,以F_1为供体亲本,在所获得的二倍体花粉植株(A_1)中,不育株(长日下)约占20%左右;而从F_2分离的不育株为供体亲本,相应的比例为90%左右。对获得不育的花粉植株而言,供体亲本经过F_2的选择,在花粉一代中可以提高育种效率3—4倍。指出,以培育光敏感雄性不育系为目的的花药培养,与一般育种之花药培养采用杂种F_1为供体亲本不同,不仅应对杂种F_2代在长日照条件下进行不育株的选择,而且应在短日照下对这种不育株作育性转换的双重选择。以这种个体作为花药培养的供体亲本,可以大大提高育种效率。 在长日照下表现不育的花粉植株的育性转换具多样性。来自同一组合的不育花粉植株在晚造(短日照)条件下,其花粉有的染色,频率高且稳定;有的虽然可变为染色,但频率不高或不稳定或二者兼有;有些却一直不为Ⅰ-KⅠ染色,或即使染色频率也在10%以下。这一结果与收集全国各地15个光敏核不育系在本昕同期种值条件下的反应十分吻合。这说明通过花药培养,从特定的组合培育出所需要的光敏/光温互作或温敏型的核不育系的可能性是存在的。
The effect of F_1 and F_2 as donor parents on the proportion of sterile individuals / all pollen plants in pollen plants obtained during anther culture was compared (photosensitive s / normal varieties). The results showed that the sterile plants (long-day) accounted for about 20% of the diploid pollen plants (A_1) obtained from F_1 donor plants, whereas the sterile plants isolated from F 2 were donor parents , The corresponding ratio of about 90%. For sterile pollen plants, the selection of F_2 by donor parents can improve the breeding efficiency 3-4 times in the pollen generation. It is pointed out that anther culture for the purpose of cultivating light-sensitive male sterile lines is different from anther culture of general breeding by using hybrid F_1 as donor parent. It is not only the selection of sterile F2 plants under long-day conditions, Double selection of fertile transformation of this sterile plant under short daylight. Using this kind of individual as a donor parent for anther culture can greatly improve the breeding efficiency. Fertility transformation of pollen plants that are sterile under long daylight illumination is diverse. Pollen plants from the same combination of sterile pollen plants in the late (short daylight) conditions, some of its pollen staining, high frequency and stability; while some may become dyed, but the frequency is not high or unstable or both; Some have not been stained for I-KI, or even if the staining frequency is less than 10%. This result is in good agreement with the collection of 15 photosensitive genic male sterile lines throughout the country under the same conditions of the same strain. This suggests that the possibility of developing the desired light / light / temperature / thermo-sensitive genic male sterile lines from a given combination by anther culture exists.