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目的通过对信阳市1953—2010年麻疹流行演变趋势和特征的分析,为2012年消除麻疹提供相关流行病学依据。方法对信阳市麻疹疫情资料和监测系统数据进行描述流行病学分析。结果 1953—2010年期间,信阳市麻疹年均发病率346.49/10万,年均病死率0.50%;发病率最高为1970年的2 946.95/10万,最低为2001年的0.68/10万。可分为自然流行期、麻疹疫苗普种初期、计划免疫时期、卫Ⅶ项目时期和消除麻疹时期。麻疹疫苗改变了麻疹的流行特点,流行强度不断降低,发病高峰后移,1997—2010年间3—7月发病数占总病例的62.15%;低龄婴幼儿和成人发病逐渐增多,近8年来分别占总发病数的30%和10%左右;高度散发和局部暴发流行相结合。结论应加强麻疹疫苗常规免疫和局部强化免疫工作;在育龄妇女中推广麻疹疫苗接种,保护初免前小月龄儿童;建立并完善入托、入学查验接种证制度;落实预防接种补助经费,提高基层业务人员的工作积极性;加大宣传力度,提高群众的防病意识。
Objective To analyze epidemiological trends and characteristics of measles in Xinyang from 1953 to 2010 and provide relevant epidemiological evidence for measles elimination in 2012. Methods Epidemic analysis of measles epidemic data and monitoring system data in Xinyang City was performed. Results The average annual incidence of measles in Xinyang City was 346.49 / 100 000 with an annual average mortality of 0.50% from 1953 to 2010. The highest incidence was 2946.95 / 100 000 in 1970 and the lowest was 0.68 / 100 000 in 2001. Can be divided into the period of natural epidemic, measles vaccine universal early, immunization period, Wei Ⅶ project period and eradicate the measles. Measles vaccine changed the epidemic characteristics of the epidemic, the intensity of the epidemic continued to decline, the incidence of post-peak shift, the incidence of March-July 1997-2010 accounted for 62.15% of the total cases; young infants and adolescents gradually increased incidence of the past 8 years accounted for The total incidence of 30% and 10%; highly distributed and the combination of local outbreaks. Conclusion Conventional immunization of measles vaccine and local intensive immunization should be strengthened; measles vaccine should be popularized among women of childbearing age to protect children with small months before the initial immunization; to establish and perfect vaccination certificate system for nursery admission and enrollment; to implement vaccination subsidy funds and raise grassroots level Business staff work enthusiasm; increase propaganda efforts to raise public awareness of disease prevention.