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近几年来,中国洋务运动时期的德中关系颇受研究者重视,德国兵器工业以及德国军事教官对中国军事史的影响引起学术界的普遍兴趣。不过对德国人在中国所扮演的角色,囿于史料不足,很难获得比较充分的了解。况且中文史料中往往只见外国人的中文名字,无法考证其人的真名实相。本文基于德国大量档案资料与中国文献的比较,对于德国教官与军事顾问的来华经过及其在德中关系中的作用进行阐述,意欲给中国史学者提供参考。
In recent years, the relations between China and Germany in the period of the Westernization Movement have received much attention from researchers. The influence of the German ordnance industry and the German military instructors on the history of China’s military has aroused widespread interest in academia. However, it is difficult to get a full understanding of the role played by the Germans in China because of insufficient historical data. Moreover, Chinese historical materials often only see the Chinese name of foreigners, unable to verify their real name. Based on the comparison between a large number of archives in Germany and the Chinese literature, this essay elaborates on the role of German instructors and military advisors in their visit to China and their relationship with Germany. It is intended to provide a reference for Chinese historians.