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上消化道出血系指屈氏韧带以上的消化道,包括食管、胃、十二指肠、胰、胆道或胃空肠吻合术后的上段空肠等部位病变引起的出血。Balint 等将其分为三类:①大量出血:出现循环障碍的征象,如低血压、心动过速、周围血管收缩和尿少,或在最初24小时内需补充血液达2500ml 以上者;②显性出血:表现为呕血、黑粪或粪便呈红色,但无循环障碍表现,不需大量补充血液者;③隐性出血:粪便潜血试验阳性,而无论有无贫血者。上消化道大出血是临床常见的急症,因其病因繁多,及时诊断和治疗较为困难,
Upper gastrointestinal bleeding refers to more than the upper ligament of the digestive tract, including the esophagus, stomach, duodenum, pancreas, biliary or gastrointestinal anastomosis after the upper jejunum lesions caused by bleeding. Balint et al. Classify them into three categories: massive bleeding: signs of circulatory disturbances such as hypotension, tachycardia, peripheral vasoconstriction and oliguria, or blood 2500 ml or more in the first 24 hours; dominance Bleeding: manifested as hematemesis, black manure or stool was red, but no performance of circulatory disorders, without substantial blood replacement; ③ occult bleeding: fecal occult blood test was positive, with or without anemia. Upper gastrointestinal bleeding is a common clinical emergency, because of its many causes, timely diagnosis and treatment more difficult,