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近年来,政府大力推动在完善承包到户基础上的草场经营权的流转,目的之一是通过市场手段来整合牧户个体的草场资源,促进畜牧业的规模化生产。市场机制与牧区传统管理草场的习俗制度,二者的关系及其对草场管理的影响是怎样的?论文选择位于青海省贵南县的元义村和查乃核村为案例地来研究上述问题。元义村反映市场机制取代习俗制度,查乃核村则反映了市场机制嵌套在习俗制度中。通过比较两个案例地的牧户生计、畜牧业生产以及贫富差距,研究发现:1)查乃核村的牧户年均畜牧业资产高于元义村;2)查乃核村的畜牧业生产量逐年增加、牲畜死亡率明显减少,畜牧业生产收益率高于元义村;3)查乃核村的贫富差距明显低于元义村。基于此,论文认为市场机制嵌套在社区习俗制度的制度安排在草场管理中更有效,因为这样的管理模式在满足牧户个体对于权属明晰和补偿需求的同时,能够维持社区共用草场以适应青藏高原多变的气候特征所导致的资源时空分布的异质性。随着市场化的发展,草场管理需要权属明晰及市场机制,但实现这样的目标不需要弱化甚至取代已有的社区习俗制度。
In recent years, the government has been vigorously promoting the circulation of pasture management rights on the basis of improving the contract-to-home policy. One of the purposes of the government is to integrate individual herd resources of pastoralists through market means and promote the large-scale production of animal husbandry. Market mechanism and pastoral traditional management of pasture customs system, the relationship between the two and its impact on grassland management is what? This paper is located in Guiyang County, Qinghai Province, Yuan Yi and Cha Nai nuclear village as a case study to study the above issues . Yuanyi Village reflects that the market mechanism has replaced the customary system and that Chanyu nuclear village has reflected the nested market mechanism in the custom system. By comparing the livelihood of the herdsman, the production of livestock husbandry and the gap between the rich and the poor in two cases, the study found that: 1) the average annual animal husbandry assets of the herdsman in Cha Nai nuclear village is higher than that of Yuanyi Village; 2) The production of the industry increased year by year, the mortality rate of livestock decreased significantly, and the yield of livestock husbandry production was higher than that of Yuan Yi Cun. 3) The gap between rich and poor of Cha Nai nuclear village was significantly lower than that of Yuan Yi Village. Based on this, the paper argues that the institutional arrangement of market mechanism embedded in community customary systems is more effective in pasture management, because such a management model can meet the needs of individual herdsmen for clear ownership and compensation, Heterogeneity of Spatial and Temporal Distribution of Resources Caused by Vary Climatic Characteristics of the Tibetan Plateau. With the development of marketization, pasture management needs clear ownership and market mechanism, but achieving such goals does not need to weaken or even replace existing community customary systems.