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按照迈克尔·波特的竞争优势理论,高新技术产业集群的发展需要三个层次的企业和相关组织:一是垂直角度的供应商、分包商、咨询机构等;二是水平角度的拥有相似技术、劳动力市场或企业战略的竞争(或合作)者,三是提供知识与技能、制度供给的专有性的准公共服务部门,如大学、国家实验室、政策制定者等。在波特的结构模型中,创新服务在产业集群的有效性中起到重大作用,创新是产业集群保持活力与发展的核心。为此,作者研究了芬兰国家产业集群创新服务机制的相关经验,值得上海得以借鉴。
According to Michael Porter’s theory of competitive advantage, the development of high-tech industrial clusters needs three levels of enterprises and related organizations: First, suppliers from vertical perspectives, subcontractors, consulting agencies, etc .; Second, from a horizontal perspective, they have similar technologies , Labor market or business strategy competition (or cooperation), the third is to provide knowledge and skills, institutional supply of the exclusive quasi-public service sector, such as universities, national laboratories, policymakers and so on. In Porter’s structural model, innovative services play a significant role in the effectiveness of industrial clusters. Innovation is the core of industrial clusters to maintain vitality and development. For this reason, the author has studied the relevant experience of the innovative service mechanism of Finland’s national industrial clusters, and it is worth to learn from Shanghai.