论文部分内容阅读
人类和动物的高级神经活动是长期历史发展过程的结果。乍看起来,人类的复杂而多样性的心理活动与低等动物的原始反射性反应之间似乎没有什么共同之处。可是,这些反射性反应正好就是由於长期进化过程的结果而发展出高级神经活动的一切复杂形式的基础,这个过程是怎样进行的呢? 高级神经活动的比较生理学研究,对於这一问题的研究具有重大的意义。研究者在对不同历史发展水平的动物进行工作时,才有可能逐步地追踪神经活动的复杂化过程。谢切诺夫当年就已指出过这一问题之探讨的重要性。可是,很久以後,等到巴甫洛夫和他的学生们创立了关於高级神经活动的唯物论学说,才为这一问题的实验研究展开了广濶的前瞻。大家知道,巴甫洛夫的主要工作是用狗来进行的。他用它们来发现并研究了许多作为大脑半球皮质机能之基础的生理学规律。可是,远在1923年内,伟大的生理学家就遇到了这个问题:他所发现的规律是否对其他各种动物也都合用呢?例如,鱼、龟、昆虫
The advanced neuronal activities of humans and animals are the result of long-standing historical developments. At first glance, there seems to be little in common between the complex and diverse psychological actions of humans and the primitive reflexes of lower animals. However, these reflexes are exactly the basis for the development of all the complex forms of advanced neural activity as a result of long-term evolutionary processes. How does this process proceed? Comparative physiology of advanced neural activity, a study of this issue It is of great significance. When researchers work on animals of different historical development levels, it is possible to gradually track the complicated process of neural activity. Schaechenov had pointed out the importance of the discussion on this issue. However, a long time later, until Pavlov and his students founded the materialist theory of advanced neural activity, they conducted a comprehensive study of the experimental research on this issue. As we all know, Pavlov’s main work is carried out by dogs. He used them to discover and study many of the physiological laws that underlie the cortical function of the cerebral hemispheres. However, as far back as 1923, the great physicist encountered this question: Has he discovered the same rules for all kinds of other animals? For example, fish, turtles, insects