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目的：为了提高对上尿路结石合并肾盂鳞状上皮细胞癌的诊断水平。方法：回顾分析５例上尿路结石并肾盂鳞状上皮细胞癌。结果：诊断输尿管上段结石并肾盂鳞状细胞癌２例，肾多发性结石并肾盂鳞状细胞癌３例。术前确诊１例（确诊率仅２０％）。５例均行肾单纯切除术，术后随访５例于４～１４个月死于癌肿转移。结论：结石所致的慢性肾盂感染是主要病因之一，但结石病史的长短无诊断意义；输尿管上段结石也可以诱发肾盂鳞状细胞癌。临床上出现疼痛、肿块、血尿经解除梗阻后症状体征不缓解时应高度警惕本病的可能性。影像学检查确诊率低。姑息性手术是晚期患者的可行治疗方法。
Objective: In order to improve the diagnosis of upper urinary tract stones combined with renal squamous cell carcinoma. Methods: A retrospective analysis of 5 cases of upper urinary tract calculi and renal squamous cell carcinoma. Results: Two cases of upper ureteral calculi with squamous cell carcinoma of kidney and three cases of renal multiple calculi and squamous cell carcinoma of kidney were diagnosed. Preoperative diagnosis in 1 case (diagnosis rate of only 20%). Five patients underwent nephrectomy. Five patients were followed up for metastasis from 4 to 14 months after operation. Conclusion: Chronic renal pelvis infection caused by stone is one of the main causes, but the history of stone disease has no diagnostic significance. Upper ureteral calculi can also induce squamous cell carcinoma of the renal pelvis. Clinically, pain, lumps, hematuria should be highly vigilant against the possibility of the disease after the symptoms and signs are relieved after the obstruction is relieved. Imaging examination confirmed the low rate. Palliative surgery is a viable treatment for advanced patients.