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1.紫云英与苕子的绿色体一般以初花期前后或盛花期增长最快。紫云英的根系主要分布在0—10厘米,在5,000斤鲜草产量时,1平方尺内约有6克左右的干根。地上与地下部分的干物质比为6.5∶1,鲜重比为11∶1,目前一般对地下部分的产量估计似乎有些偏高。2.紫云英等含氮、磷、钾的百分率均随绿色体的增长而减低,紫云英在盛花期含 N2.7％,P_2O_5 0.65％,K_2O2.5％,CaO 1.6％,含氮量与土壤的肥沃程度没有明显的相关性,含磷量与含钾量则与土壤中磷钾含量成正相关。根部所含的养分一般均低于地上部分,叶子的氮、磷百分率远较茎等部位为高。苕子盛花期含 N 3.3％左右,其他成分大体与紫云英相近。萝卜菜在盛花期的含 N 量为1.7％,K_2O 量较高,一般是 N 与 P_2O_5的总和,含 CaO量恒多于紫云英,一般在2.0％以上。油菜的成分大体与萝卜菜相近。3.各种绿肥在一定生长时期中地上部分的阳离子总量大体为一常数。紫云英在盛花期的阳离子总量维持在110毫当量左右,萝卜菜的含量还更高。4.萝卜菜、紫云英、苕子与小麦等四种植物对蛇纹石都能利用,但对钾长石不能利用。磷灰石的施用对增产很显著,根据增产百分率的大小,可排列成如下的次序:紫云英>萝卜菜>苕子>小麦。在某种程度上反映植物对难溶性物质的利用能力的三个指标(根的阳离子交换量、根的吸收面积与根的呼吸强度),对于四种植物,其大小次序基本上与其对磷灰石的利用能力的排列次序相一致。因此从各方面来看,这几种绿肥的吸收养分的能力,都较象小麦这样的农作物为强。5.绿肥是一种成本低收效大的肥料。在紫云英鲜草产量5,000斤时,地上与地下部分所合的氮、磷、钾分别相当于硫酸铵105斤、过磷酸钙22.5斤、氯化钾36斤。假定其中的氮素有2/3是来自大气,则“天然工厂”制造了70斤左右的硫酸铵。中稻亩产600斤时所取走的氮素约相当于50斤硫酸铵,因此单就来自大气中的这一部分来讲,对中稻的供应也还是有余。从全国范围来看,凡是绿肥面积大的地区,也就是稻麦产量高而稳定的地区。目前各地绿肥的种植面积与产量都极不平衡,还有很大的潜力。
1. The veins of Astragalus sinicus and prickly heat grow fastest at the beginning of the flowering period or in the flowering period. Astragalus roots are mainly distributed in the 0-10 cm, 5,000 pounds of fresh grass production, about 1 square foot about 6 grams of dry roots. The ratio of dry matter above ground to underground is 6.5: 1, and the fresh weight ratio is 11: 1. At present, it is generally estimated that the production of the underground part is somewhat high. (2) The percentage of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the milk vetch decreased with the growth of the green body. The milk vetch was composed of N2.7%, P2O5 0.65%, K2O2.5%, CaO 1.6% and nitrogen There is no obvious correlation between the amount and the fertility of the soil. The content of P and K is positively correlated with the content of P and K in the soil. Root nutrients are generally lower than the aboveground parts, leaf nitrogen, phosphorus percentage is much higher than the stems and other parts. Razor flowering with N about 3.3%, other components are generally similar with the vermilion. Radish vegetables in the flowering of the N content of 1.7%, K_2O higher, usually the sum of N and P_2O_5, with a constant amount of CaO more than the milk vetch, usually above 2.0%. The composition of rape is roughly similar to that of radish. 3. A variety of green manures in a certain period of growth of the total amount of cations in the ground is generally a constant. Asparagus in the full flowering cations maintained at 110 milliequivalents of radish vegetable content is still higher. 4. Radish vegetables, aspartame, razor clam and wheat and other four kinds of plants can use serpentine, but can not use potassium feldspar. The application of apatite is very significant for yield increase. According to the percentage of yield increase, apatite can be arranged in the following order: Astragalus sinicus> Radish vegetable> Prickly heat> Wheat. To a certain extent, the three indicators (cation exchange capacity of roots, root absorption area and root respiration intensity), which reflect the plant’s ability to utilize insoluble substances, Stone use ability of the order of the same. Therefore, from all aspects, the ability of these green manure to absorb nutrients is stronger than that of crops like wheat. 5. Green manure is a low-cost and cost-effective fertilizer. When the production of aloe vera 5,000 kg, the above ground and underground parts of the combined nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium equivalent to 105 kg of ammonium sulfate, superphosphate 22.5 kg, 36 kg of potassium chloride. Assuming that two-thirds of the nitrogen comes from the atmosphere, the “natural mill” made about 70 kg of ammonium sulfate. The amount of nitrogen removed during the 600-kg per mu yield of rice is equivalent to about 50 kg of ammonium sulphate, so the supply of medium-sized rice is still more than just this part of the atmosphere. From a national point of view, all areas where the green manure is large are also the areas where the output of rice and wheat is high and stable. At present, the planting area and yield of green manures are very uneven and have great potential.