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古罗马文学中对黑人的贬损性描写常被现代种族主义者视为现代种族歧视的古典渊源和传统之一。本文通过比较发现,罗马文学对黑人身体特征的描述既有贬损性,也有褒扬性,并未偏向一方。罗马文学对黑人在罗马社会关系中的角色的定位,其实质是为了维护罗马等级制度和社会秩序。罗马最初的社会等级划分是以血缘关系而非种族特征为基础的,罗马民众对黑人的认识与对其他“外邦人”一样褒贬掺杂;现代种族主义兴起于近代,是现代政治的产物,与古代罗马人对黑人的态度没有历史承续关联。罗马作家对黑人身体特征的或贬或褒的描述、对罗马社会秩序的维护以及罗马国家和民众对黑人的态度,反映的都是以罗马(人)为中心的对外观察,体现的是罗马中心主义而非种族主义。
The derogatory portrayal of blacks in ancient Roman literature is often regarded by modern racists as one of the classical sources and traditions of modern racial discrimination. This article through the comparison found that the Roman literature description of the characteristics of black people derogatory, but also praise, did not favor one side. The Roman literature’s position on the role of blacks in Roman social relations is essentially to preserve the Roman hierarchy and social order. The original classification of Rome was based on blood relations rather than race, and the Roman public’s awareness of Negroes was as mixed as that of other “Gentiles.” Modern racism emerged in the modern age and was the product of modern politics , There is no historical continuity with the attitude of the ancient Romans toward Negroes. The Roman writer’s description of the demeaning or complimenting of the black body, the maintenance of the Roman social order, and the attitude toward the Negro by the Roman states and the general public reflect the external observation centered on Rome (person), reflecting the Roman center Doctrine rather than racism.