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据了解,在深圳经济特区的国有贸易企业里推行股份制的最大难点是:国有控股代表承担不承担债权债务。如果国家控股代表只负责收取利润,而不承担经济责任,仍然难于调动企业经营的积极性。究其原因有3: 一是特区政府对国有贸易企业(集团公司或总公司)只给营业执照和政策,经营场地和所需资金都由企业自行解决,可以说绝大多数是白手起家的。在这种情形之下,企业要上马,要进行经济运作,必须向银行借贷资金,并负担归还本息的责任,这就少不了债务。作为国家的控股代表完全不负责任是说不过去的。二是国内市场竞争机制尚未完全形成。主要表现在:(1)流通区域缩小。有些地区规定,产品只准本地流通,不准到别地流通,妨碍了商品的调剂余缺。(2)经营种类缩小。实施商品归口管理和经营的政策、措施,对于抑制通货膨胀固然有其一定的作用,但是专业公司往往因人力、资金、客户的不足,
It is understood that the biggest difficulty in implementing the joint-stock system in the state-owned trading enterprises in the Shenzhen Special Economic Zone is that the state-owned holding representative assumes no liability. If the country’s controlling representatives are only responsible for collecting profits and not taking economic responsibilities, it is still difficult to mobilize the enthusiasm of the company’s operations. There are three reasons for this: First, the SAR Government only gives business licenses and policies to state-owned trading companies (group companies or head offices). The business venues and the funds required are resolved by the companies themselves. It can be said that most of them are started from scratch. Under such circumstances, companies must launch economic operations, must borrow funds from banks, and bear the responsibility of returning principal and interest. This will ultimately result in debt. It is unjustifiable to be completely irresponsible as a controlling representative of the country. Second, the domestic market competition mechanism has not yet been fully formed. Mainly manifested in: (1) The circulation area is reduced. In some areas, products are only allowed to circulate locally and are not allowed to circulate in other places, which hinders the adjustment of products. (2) The type of business is reduced. The implementation of policies and measures for the centralized administration and management of commodities has certain effects on the suppression of inflation. However, professional companies often suffer from shortages of manpower, funds, and customers.