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目的了解我国仿瓷餐具中三聚氰胺和甲醛迁移情况以及两者迁移是否存在关联,为以后进行危险性评估奠定基础。方法采用分光光度法测定模拟物中甲醛的迁移量,高效液相色谱法测定模拟物中三聚氰胺的迁移量,迁移实验条件为90℃,30 min,模拟溶剂为3%乙酸。结果 41个样品中,有28个样品检出三聚氰胺,其中最大值为0.85 mg/dm2,最大迁移量约为欧盟限量标准的17.0%,所有样品的三聚氰胺迁移量均未超过欧盟的限量值;41个样品中,全部检出甲醛,其中最大迁移量为270.56 mg/dm2,约为欧盟限量标准的108.2倍,有22个样品超过欧盟的特定迁移量规定,超标率达53.66%;41个样品中有27个样品甲醛与三聚氰胺的迁移量的比值大于6,最大比值为10 033.0,是文献中所提供最大比值6的2 090.2倍。结论仿瓷餐具中甲醛的迁移值异常高而三聚氰胺的迁移量为未检出时,其不为三聚氰胺-甲醛(密胺)餐具的可能性极大。目前市售的仿瓷餐具的安全性值得进一步的关注。
Objective To understand whether the migration of melamine and formaldehyde in melamine tableware in China is related or not, and lay the foundation for future risk assessment. Methods The amount of formaldehyde migration in the simulant was determined by spectrophotometry. The migration of melamine in the simulant was determined by high performance liquid chromatography. The experimental conditions for the migration were 90 ° C for 30 min and the simulated solvent was 3% acetic acid. Results Of the 41 samples, 28 samples detected melamine, with the maximum value of 0.85 mg / dm2 and the maximum migration amount of about 17.0% of the EU limit value. All samples did not exceed the EU limit for the amount of melamine migration. Among the samples, formaldehyde was detected in all samples. The maximum migration was 270.56 mg / dm2, which was about 108.2 times of the EU limit. Twenty-two samples surpassed the EU’s specific migration requirements and exceeded the standard rate by 53.66%. Among 41 samples 27 samples formaldehyde and melamine migration ratio of more than 6, the maximum ratio of 10 033.0, which is the maximum ratio of 6 provided in the literature 2 090.2 times. Conclusion The migration of formaldehyde in melamine tableware is abnormally high and the migration of melamine is not detected, it is highly unlikely that melamine - formaldehyde (melamine) tableware will be used. The current market safety of melamine tableware deserves further attention.