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本文在固定条件下研究了钙及钙硫复合易切削碳素结构钢的切削加工性。研究结果指出:含微量Ca、S的易切钢Y45CaS的切削加工性得到了改善,一般优于含Ca易切钢Y45Ca与基础钢45钢。适量添加Ca、S可提高刀具的寿命,改善加工表面光洁度,减小切削力与改善切屑的控制。借助扫描电子显微镜、微区能谱分析仪与电子探针观察了这些钢中的非金属夹杂物以及切削时刀具表面上所形成的附着层,并讨论了其特性。此氧化膜主要由CaO、Al_2O_3与SiO_2所组成。进而分析了切削含微量Ca、S易切削碳素结构钢的易切削机理。由此证实,切削Ca—S复合易切钢时切削加工性得以改善的机理,在于刀具前刀面上形成之附着层减小了刀具——工件材料的直接接触,从而减少了摩擦并防止了硬质合金刀具的热扩散磨损。
In this paper, under the fixed conditions, the machinability of calcium and calcium-sulfur composite cutting carbon structural steel has been studied. The results show that the machinability of the Y45CaS free-cutting steel containing trace amounts of Ca and S is improved, which is generally better than that of the Y45Ca and 45 steel of the base steel. Appropriate amount of Ca, S can increase the life of the tool, improve the machined surface finish, reduce the cutting force and improve the chip control. The non-metallic inclusions in these steels and the adhesion layer formed on the tool surface during cutting were observed by scanning electron microscopy, micro-area energy spectrum analyzer and electron probe, and their properties were discussed. The oxide film is mainly composed of CaO, Al 2 O 3 and SiO 2. Then the cutting mechanism of cutting Ca, S free cutting carbon structural steel is analyzed. This demonstrates that the mechanism by which cutting workability is improved when cutting Ca-S composite free-cutting steel is that the adhesion layer formed on the rake face of the tool reduces the direct contact of the tool-workpiece material, reducing friction and preventing Thermal diffusion wear of carbide tools.