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一、 题型介绍
常见的词义猜测题题型有：
1. What’s the meaning of “…”in line …of paragraph…?
2. In line/ paragraph …, the word “…” refers to________.
3. The word “…” in line … probably means________.
4. What does the underlined word “…” in the… paragraph probably mean?
5. In line …, the word “…” could best be replaced by which of the following?
6. The word “…” as used in line … is closest in meaning to________.
7. The underlined word “…” in Paragraph … is closest in meaning to________.
如：
2011年英语高考题（陕西卷）：58题 What does the underlined word “boost” in the third paragraph probably mean?
2011年英语高考题（广东卷）：31题 The underlined word swimmingly in Paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to________.
2011年英语高考题（辽宁卷）：65题 “That sale” in Paragraph 4 refers to________.
二、 解题技巧点拨
1. 定义或解释说明
标点符号：括号、破折号等
It will be very hard but also very brittle—that is, it will break easily.
Tornadoes (violent and destructive whirl wind) normally occur on hot, humid(a little wet) day, but not necessarily in the summer.
定语从句或同位语
Modern medicine began with the stethoscope, a medical tool used for listening to the movements of a person’s lungs and his heartbeats.
He was a prestidigitator who entertained the children by pulling rabbits out of hats, swallowing fire, and other similar tricks.
信号词：be, be called, means, be defined as
A mosquito is a small flying pest that thrust the skin and then drink blood.
Desert can be defined as a large area of land where there is not enough rain and vegetation to support human life.
A person who is skilled at making or repairing wooden objects is called a carpenter.
His uncle is a zoologist, an expert who does research on animals.
The herdsman, who looks after sheep, earns about 650 yuan a year.
We are on the night shift—from midnight to 8 a.m.—this week.
2.对比关系
信号词: but, however, yet, otherwise, while, though, on the one hand…on the other hand, for one thing…for another thing, instead of 等。
Though Tom’s face has been washed quite clean, his neck still remains grubby.
John usually wastes a lot of money on such useless things, his wife, however, is very thrifty.
In the past the world seemed to run in an orderly way. Now, however, everything seems to be in a state of turmoil.
If you agree, write “yes”; if you dissent, write “no”.
Some human actions are learned, but quite a few other actions are innate.
Although a large number of people considered him to have stolen the money, I was sure that he was innocent of the theft.
耐心等待！风车从不跑去找风。（斯克利维斯）
3. 因果关系
信号词: because, since, as, for, due to, so, therefore, so…that, such…that, thus
Rubber can be made to stretch more than nine times its normal length because it is very elastic.
The river is so turbid that it is impossible to see the bottom even when it is shallow.
Since I could not afford to purchase the original painting, I bought a replica. An inexperienced eye could not tell the difference.
He’s such a shrewd businessman that he loses no money in any trade.
She wanted the hairdresser to trim her hair a bit because it was too long.
4. 举例法
信号词: such, such as, like, for example/instance, especially, include, consist of
Cars must have certain safety devices such as seat belt, headlights, and good brakes.
On the farm they mainly raise poultry, such as chickens, ducks and geese, for their eggs and meat.
5. 重述
信号词: or, that is (to say), in other words, to put it another way, i.e.
In some countries where there is very little rain, the farmers have to irrigate, or water, their fields.
All whales fall into two groups, those with teeth and those without, Dolphins belong to odontoceti, that is to say, they are toothed whales.
6. 同义词、近义词
信号词: or, like, as…as, the same as
The new tax law supersedes, or replaces, the law that was in effect last year.
Mother was tall, fat and middleaged. My aunt was an old woman, almost as plump as mother, and much shorter.
7. 生活经验, 生活常识, 逻辑推理
When a doctor performs an operation on a patient, he usually gives an anaesthetic to make him unconscious, because he does not want his patient to feel pain or to know what is happening to him.
When you throw a stone into still water of a lake, you will watch a ripple spread in rings on the surface of water.
Metal expands when heated and contracts when cooled.
One of symptoms caused by the peculiar illness is a high fever.
Because this chemical liquid is highly volatile, we must keep it in a bottle which has a tight lid.
In the strong wind, the beggar shivered with the terrible cold.
8. 通过构词法来猜测词义
转化：指词的形式不变而词性发生变化
合成：指由两个或两个以上的具有独立意义的单词组合成一个新的单词。主要有合成动词，合成形容词，合成名词等。
派生：指由一个词根加上前缀或后缀构成一个新的词
That country is underdeveloped and the living conditions are rather low.
Colourful wallpaper would brighten（up）the room.
三、 即时检测
请同学们用上面介绍的方法，猜猜下面的高考模拟题中画线的词的意思。
1. However, men quickly found more convenient and reliable ways of telling the time. They learned to use the shadows cast by the sun. They marked the hours on candles, used sand in hourglasses, and invented waterclocks. Indeed, any serious student of antique should spend as much time as possible visiting palaces, stately homes and museums to see some of the finest examples of clocks from the past.
The underlined phrase stately homes means .
A. stateowned houses
B. houses in very good condition
C. grand houses open to the public
D. houses where statesmen meet regularly
答案 C
2. The plant is often pruned so that it remains only 60~90 centimeters high. Pruning is important because it encourages the growth of tender shoots, or young leaves. It is from these shoots that the best tea is got.
The underlined word “Pruning” means:
A. Regular cutting of the plants
B. Frequent watering
C. Regular use of chemicals
D. Growing the plants high in the mountain
答案 A
Morality may consist solely in the courage of making a choice. (L. Blum )
3. At first Kate thought the Romanian girl could not speak and understand English. Nadia would not reply to anything Kate said…. Kate could not figure out why the school had put Nadia in a class where she could not understand what people were saying. Nadia’s voice was a whisper. “I understand English. I will learn.” Nadia’s English was perfect. Kate was perplexed. She couldn’t understand why Nadia did not like to speak.
The underlined word “perplexed” probably means________.
A. puzzled________B. angry
C. shockedD. Serious
答案 A
4. Heavy rains across the country have not put any major dent to the cotton crop and growers are optimistic about achieving the target set for the season.
They said the JuneJuly flood, which hit the standing crops in Sindh and Punjab, had not damaged a larger sowing area as the arrangements were being made to avoid such losses.
“The recent rain in fact proved good for the crops in Punjab,” said Wahid Balgamwallah, a ginner （轧棉工） from Rahimyar Khan. “Before the rain, there were fears of insects’ attacks, which were driven away by the heavy rains. We did not witness any major loss.”
He said that, as was reported, crops in Layyah, Multan, Jhang, Bahawlpur and Khushab were damaged to some extent during the flood and heavy rains.
Over a dozen people were killed when rain poured across Sindh including Karachi and Hyderabad. Farmers escaped heavy losses, but the officials and ginners said heavy rains may slow down ginning operations in the province.
“The cotton soaked after the rains, so it may take time to get dry for ginning,” said a ginner in Sindh. “The Sindh cotton crop makes early its way into the market compared to Punjab, but the recent rains may delay its arrival in the local market.”
The federal government earlier this year fixed the cotton production target at 12 million bales （大包）, but encouraged by the growth in cotton production during 200405, it revised the target to 15 million bales.
The target area in Punjab has been set at 2.55 million acres for the current season against the 2.54 million acres last year and similarly sowing in Sindh has been fixed at 638,000 acres against last year’s 635,000 acres. The authorities are optimistic that farmers are going to beat it again.
（1） The underlined word “dent” (in Paragraph 1) probably means “ ”.
A. great function B. whole process
C. bad effectD. good expectation
（2） According to the passage, the underlined words “Layyah, Multan …” refer to________.
A. some people
B. some countries
C. names of some storehouses
D. some cities and provinces
（3） Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined word “soaked” (in Paragraph 6)?
A. Grew better.
B. Got wet.
C. Became even whiter.
D. Almost died.
（4） By saying “beat it” in the last paragraph the writer means “ ”.
A. gain better harvest than last year
B. conquer the bad weather
C. be against their plan
D. defeat the government authorities
答案 （1） C （2） D （3） B （4） A
品德可能仅仅在于有勇气作出抉择。（布鲁斯）
5. （2011年湖南卷）
He was judged unfit to return to sea and took a shore job in Glasgow for the rest of the war, for as long as I can remember, he had a weak heart, mother said it was caused by the torpedoes. he said it was because of the cigarette, whichever, he died suddenly in his early 50s.
The underlined word “it” in paragraph 6 refers to the father’s________.
A. weak heart
B. taking a shore job
C. failure to return
D. injury caused by a torpedo
答案 A。由前半句he had a weak heart可知。
6. （2011年辽宁卷）
The Winton took an early lead. But halfway through the race, it began to lose power. Ford started to gain. And near the end of the race, he took the lead. Ford won the race and defeated the Winton. His name appeared in newspapers and he became wellknown all over the United States. Within weeks of the race, Henry Ford formed a new automobile company. In the 1903, a doctor in Detroit bought the first car from the company. That sale was the beginning of Henry Ford’s dream. Ford said: “I will build a motor car for the great mass of people. It will be large enough for the family, but small enough for one person to operate and care for. It will be built of the best materials. It will be built by the best men to be employed. And it will be built with the simplest plans that modem engineering can produce. It will be so low in price that no man making good money will be unable to own one.”
“That sale” in Paragraph 4 refers to________.
A. the selling of Ford cars at reduced prices
B. the sale of Model T to the mass of people
C. the selling of a car to a Detroit doctor
D. the sales target for the Ford Company
答案 C。由上一句In the 1903, a doctor in Detroit bought the first car from the company.可知。
7. （2011年陕西卷）
Something else, however, has been on the rise. While GM seeds are expensive, GM companics tell farmers that they will make good profits by saving money on pesticides（杀虫剂）. On the contrary, US government data show that GM crops in the US have produced an overall increase in pesticide use compared to traditional crops. “The promise was that you could use less chemicals and boost production. But neither is true,” said Bill Christison, President of the US National Family Farm Coalition.
What does the underlined word “boost” in the third paragraph probably mean?
A. control.B. evaluate.
C. obtain.D. increase.
答案 D。首先猜测词性，由上下文和该题的四个选项可知“boost”应为动词，且是原形，和use是并列的，在词义上应和less是相反的。
常见的词义猜测题题型有：
1. What’s the meaning of “…”in line …of paragraph…?
2. In line/ paragraph …, the word “…” refers to________.
3. The word “…” in line … probably means________.
4. What does the underlined word “…” in the… paragraph probably mean?
5. In line …, the word “…” could best be replaced by which of the following?
6. The word “…” as used in line … is closest in meaning to________.
7. The underlined word “…” in Paragraph … is closest in meaning to________.
如：
2011年英语高考题（陕西卷）：58题 What does the underlined word “boost” in the third paragraph probably mean?
2011年英语高考题（广东卷）：31题 The underlined word swimmingly in Paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to________.
2011年英语高考题（辽宁卷）：65题 “That sale” in Paragraph 4 refers to________.
二、 解题技巧点拨
1. 定义或解释说明
标点符号：括号、破折号等
It will be very hard but also very brittle—that is, it will break easily.
Tornadoes (violent and destructive whirl wind) normally occur on hot, humid(a little wet) day, but not necessarily in the summer.
定语从句或同位语
Modern medicine began with the stethoscope, a medical tool used for listening to the movements of a person’s lungs and his heartbeats.
He was a prestidigitator who entertained the children by pulling rabbits out of hats, swallowing fire, and other similar tricks.
信号词：be, be called, means, be defined as
A mosquito is a small flying pest that thrust the skin and then drink blood.
Desert can be defined as a large area of land where there is not enough rain and vegetation to support human life.
A person who is skilled at making or repairing wooden objects is called a carpenter.
His uncle is a zoologist, an expert who does research on animals.
The herdsman, who looks after sheep, earns about 650 yuan a year.
We are on the night shift—from midnight to 8 a.m.—this week.
2.对比关系
信号词: but, however, yet, otherwise, while, though, on the one hand…on the other hand, for one thing…for another thing, instead of 等。
Though Tom’s face has been washed quite clean, his neck still remains grubby.
John usually wastes a lot of money on such useless things, his wife, however, is very thrifty.
In the past the world seemed to run in an orderly way. Now, however, everything seems to be in a state of turmoil.
If you agree, write “yes”; if you dissent, write “no”.
Some human actions are learned, but quite a few other actions are innate.
Although a large number of people considered him to have stolen the money, I was sure that he was innocent of the theft.
耐心等待！风车从不跑去找风。（斯克利维斯）
3. 因果关系
信号词: because, since, as, for, due to, so, therefore, so…that, such…that, thus
Rubber can be made to stretch more than nine times its normal length because it is very elastic.
The river is so turbid that it is impossible to see the bottom even when it is shallow.
Since I could not afford to purchase the original painting, I bought a replica. An inexperienced eye could not tell the difference.
He’s such a shrewd businessman that he loses no money in any trade.
She wanted the hairdresser to trim her hair a bit because it was too long.
4. 举例法
信号词: such, such as, like, for example/instance, especially, include, consist of
Cars must have certain safety devices such as seat belt, headlights, and good brakes.
On the farm they mainly raise poultry, such as chickens, ducks and geese, for their eggs and meat.
5. 重述
信号词: or, that is (to say), in other words, to put it another way, i.e.
In some countries where there is very little rain, the farmers have to irrigate, or water, their fields.
All whales fall into two groups, those with teeth and those without, Dolphins belong to odontoceti, that is to say, they are toothed whales.
6. 同义词、近义词
信号词: or, like, as…as, the same as
The new tax law supersedes, or replaces, the law that was in effect last year.
Mother was tall, fat and middleaged. My aunt was an old woman, almost as plump as mother, and much shorter.
7. 生活经验, 生活常识, 逻辑推理
When a doctor performs an operation on a patient, he usually gives an anaesthetic to make him unconscious, because he does not want his patient to feel pain or to know what is happening to him.
When you throw a stone into still water of a lake, you will watch a ripple spread in rings on the surface of water.
Metal expands when heated and contracts when cooled.
One of symptoms caused by the peculiar illness is a high fever.
Because this chemical liquid is highly volatile, we must keep it in a bottle which has a tight lid.
In the strong wind, the beggar shivered with the terrible cold.
8. 通过构词法来猜测词义
转化：指词的形式不变而词性发生变化
合成：指由两个或两个以上的具有独立意义的单词组合成一个新的单词。主要有合成动词，合成形容词，合成名词等。
派生：指由一个词根加上前缀或后缀构成一个新的词
That country is underdeveloped and the living conditions are rather low.
Colourful wallpaper would brighten（up）the room.
三、 即时检测
请同学们用上面介绍的方法，猜猜下面的高考模拟题中画线的词的意思。
1. However, men quickly found more convenient and reliable ways of telling the time. They learned to use the shadows cast by the sun. They marked the hours on candles, used sand in hourglasses, and invented waterclocks. Indeed, any serious student of antique should spend as much time as possible visiting palaces, stately homes and museums to see some of the finest examples of clocks from the past.
The underlined phrase stately homes means .
A. stateowned houses
B. houses in very good condition
C. grand houses open to the public
D. houses where statesmen meet regularly
答案 C
2. The plant is often pruned so that it remains only 60~90 centimeters high. Pruning is important because it encourages the growth of tender shoots, or young leaves. It is from these shoots that the best tea is got.
The underlined word “Pruning” means:
A. Regular cutting of the plants
B. Frequent watering
C. Regular use of chemicals
D. Growing the plants high in the mountain
答案 A
Morality may consist solely in the courage of making a choice. (L. Blum )
3. At first Kate thought the Romanian girl could not speak and understand English. Nadia would not reply to anything Kate said…. Kate could not figure out why the school had put Nadia in a class where she could not understand what people were saying. Nadia’s voice was a whisper. “I understand English. I will learn.” Nadia’s English was perfect. Kate was perplexed. She couldn’t understand why Nadia did not like to speak.
The underlined word “perplexed” probably means________.
A. puzzled________B. angry
C. shockedD. Serious
答案 A
4. Heavy rains across the country have not put any major dent to the cotton crop and growers are optimistic about achieving the target set for the season.
They said the JuneJuly flood, which hit the standing crops in Sindh and Punjab, had not damaged a larger sowing area as the arrangements were being made to avoid such losses.
“The recent rain in fact proved good for the crops in Punjab,” said Wahid Balgamwallah, a ginner （轧棉工） from Rahimyar Khan. “Before the rain, there were fears of insects’ attacks, which were driven away by the heavy rains. We did not witness any major loss.”
He said that, as was reported, crops in Layyah, Multan, Jhang, Bahawlpur and Khushab were damaged to some extent during the flood and heavy rains.
Over a dozen people were killed when rain poured across Sindh including Karachi and Hyderabad. Farmers escaped heavy losses, but the officials and ginners said heavy rains may slow down ginning operations in the province.
“The cotton soaked after the rains, so it may take time to get dry for ginning,” said a ginner in Sindh. “The Sindh cotton crop makes early its way into the market compared to Punjab, but the recent rains may delay its arrival in the local market.”
The federal government earlier this year fixed the cotton production target at 12 million bales （大包）, but encouraged by the growth in cotton production during 200405, it revised the target to 15 million bales.
The target area in Punjab has been set at 2.55 million acres for the current season against the 2.54 million acres last year and similarly sowing in Sindh has been fixed at 638,000 acres against last year’s 635,000 acres. The authorities are optimistic that farmers are going to beat it again.
（1） The underlined word “dent” (in Paragraph 1) probably means “ ”.
A. great function B. whole process
C. bad effectD. good expectation
（2） According to the passage, the underlined words “Layyah, Multan …” refer to________.
A. some people
B. some countries
C. names of some storehouses
D. some cities and provinces
（3） Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined word “soaked” (in Paragraph 6)?
A. Grew better.
B. Got wet.
C. Became even whiter.
D. Almost died.
（4） By saying “beat it” in the last paragraph the writer means “ ”.
A. gain better harvest than last year
B. conquer the bad weather
C. be against their plan
D. defeat the government authorities
答案 （1） C （2） D （3） B （4） A
品德可能仅仅在于有勇气作出抉择。（布鲁斯）
5. （2011年湖南卷）
He was judged unfit to return to sea and took a shore job in Glasgow for the rest of the war, for as long as I can remember, he had a weak heart, mother said it was caused by the torpedoes. he said it was because of the cigarette, whichever, he died suddenly in his early 50s.
The underlined word “it” in paragraph 6 refers to the father’s________.
A. weak heart
B. taking a shore job
C. failure to return
D. injury caused by a torpedo
答案 A。由前半句he had a weak heart可知。
6. （2011年辽宁卷）
The Winton took an early lead. But halfway through the race, it began to lose power. Ford started to gain. And near the end of the race, he took the lead. Ford won the race and defeated the Winton. His name appeared in newspapers and he became wellknown all over the United States. Within weeks of the race, Henry Ford formed a new automobile company. In the 1903, a doctor in Detroit bought the first car from the company. That sale was the beginning of Henry Ford’s dream. Ford said: “I will build a motor car for the great mass of people. It will be large enough for the family, but small enough for one person to operate and care for. It will be built of the best materials. It will be built by the best men to be employed. And it will be built with the simplest plans that modem engineering can produce. It will be so low in price that no man making good money will be unable to own one.”
“That sale” in Paragraph 4 refers to________.
A. the selling of Ford cars at reduced prices
B. the sale of Model T to the mass of people
C. the selling of a car to a Detroit doctor
D. the sales target for the Ford Company
答案 C。由上一句In the 1903, a doctor in Detroit bought the first car from the company.可知。
7. （2011年陕西卷）
Something else, however, has been on the rise. While GM seeds are expensive, GM companics tell farmers that they will make good profits by saving money on pesticides（杀虫剂）. On the contrary, US government data show that GM crops in the US have produced an overall increase in pesticide use compared to traditional crops. “The promise was that you could use less chemicals and boost production. But neither is true,” said Bill Christison, President of the US National Family Farm Coalition.
What does the underlined word “boost” in the third paragraph probably mean?
A. control.B. evaluate.
C. obtain.D. increase.
答案 D。首先猜测词性，由上下文和该题的四个选项可知“boost”应为动词，且是原形，和use是并列的，在词义上应和less是相反的。