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为了解黄淮麦区小麦品种主要矮秆基因的分布和利用状况及其与主要农艺性状的关系,利用分子标记结合系谱分析对黄淮麦区20世纪及近年来新育成的129份小麦品种所含矮秆基因Rht-B1b、Rht-D1b和Rht8进行检测,并结合田间株高、基部茎秆直径和壁厚、小穗数、穗粒数、千粒重及不同播期条件下的株高差等农艺性状的调查结果,分析比较了不同矮秆基因对农艺性状的影响。结果表明,129份小麦品种中,含Rht-B1b基因的品种有37份,含Rht-D1b基因的品种有73份,含Rht8基因的品种有89份,不含这3个矮秆基因的品种有6份,所占比例分别为28.68%、56.59%、68.99%和4.65%。其中,同时含Rht-B1b和Rht-D1b的品种有1份,同时含Rht-B1b和Rht8的品种有29份,同时含Rht-D1b和Rht8的品种有44份,同时含Rht-B1b、Rht-D1b和Rht8的品种有1份。不同矮秆基因及其组合的品种,在小穗数、基部茎秆直径及基部茎秆壁厚等性状上无显著差异,但仅含Rht8基因的品种的千粒重、基部茎秆直径及壁厚均大于其他基因型,并且能够显著增加穗粒数。不同矮秆基因的降秆作用强度依次为Rht-D1b>Rht-B1b>Rht8,并具有累加效应。在不同播期条件下,除不含矮秆基因材料外仅含Rht8的品种的株高稳定性最佳,仅含Rht-B1b的品种株高稳定性最差。仅含Rht-B1b的品种小穗数最高,但千粒重却最低,并显著低于不含这3个矮秆基因的品种。以上结果表明,虽然矮秆基因Rht8的降秆作用较弱,但其对农艺性状的有利贡献较多,且在不同播期环境条件下株高稳定性较好,因此在未来小麦育种中应注重矮秆基因Rht8的利用。
In order to understand the distribution and utilization of major dwarf genes in wheat cultivars and their relationships with major agronomic traits in Huanghuai wheat region, 129 wheat cultivars newly cultivated in Huanghuai wheat region in the 20th century and in recent years were analyzed by molecular markers and pedigree analysis. Including Rht-B1b, Rht-D1b and Rht8, and combined with plant height, base diameter and wall thickness of stalk, spikelet number, grain number per spike, 1000-grain weight and plant height at different sowing date Agronomic traits survey results, analysis and comparison of different dwarf genes on agronomic traits. The results showed that among 129 wheat cultivars, 37 cultivars were Rht-B1b, 73 cultivars were Rht-D1b, 89 cultivars were Rht-B1b, 3 cultivars were not There are 6, accounting for 28.68%, 56.59%, 68.99% and 4.65% respectively. Among them, there were 1 Rht-B1b and Rht-D1b varieties, 29 Rht-B1b and Rht8 varieties, 44 Rht-D1b and Rht8 varieties, Rht-B1b and Rht8 -D1b and Rht8 varieties have 1 copies. There was no significant difference in the number of spikelets, the diameter of the base stem and the thickness of the base stem in the varieties with different dwarf genes and their combinations, but the 1000-grain weight, the base stem diameter and the wall thickness Greater than other genotypes, and can significantly increase the number of grains per spike. The decreasing stalk strength of different dwarf genes was Rht-D1b> Rht-B1b> Rht8, and had the additive effect. Under different sowing dates, except for the dwarf gene-free material, only Rht8-containing varieties had the highest plant height stability, while Rht-B1b-only plants had the highest plant height stability. Rht-B1b only had the highest number of spikelets, but the lowest one-thousandth weight, which was significantly lower than those without these three dwarf genes. The above results showed that although the dwarfing gene Rht8 had a weak stalk lowering effect, its favorable contribution to agronomic traits was more, and the plant height stability was better under different sowing date, so it should be emphasized in the future wheat breeding Utilization of Dwarfing Gene Rht8.