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目的:调查兰州市中学生屈光不正的发病率并探讨近视发病的危险因素。方法:采用前瞻性调查设计,对抽样的学生进行有关家庭因素及用眼状态的问卷调查,并进行视力测量以及包括裂隙灯、视网膜镜、矫正视力等的全面眼部检查。采集各项指标,输入应用程序,采用SPSS11.0软件进行统计分析。结果:在2256名年龄介于15～19岁的学生中,2037名(90.3%)学生患有屈光不正。近视是引起屈光不正的首要原因(1951/2256,86.5%),散光为第二位原因(921/2256,40.8%),弱视(10/2256,0.4%)、斜视(5/2256,0.2%)、远视(4/2256,0.2%)和其它眼病的发病率相对较低。在患有屈光不正的学生中约有95.3%在接受调查前已经佩戴眼镜。年龄、性别、用眼状态及家族史是近视发病的危险因素。结论:兰州市中学生屈光不正发病率及其发病的危险因素与国内其它地区类似,采取一定的干预措施保护中学生的视力是有必要的。
Objective: To investigate the incidence of refractive errors in middle school students in Lanzhou and to explore the risk factors of myopia. METHODS: A prospective survey design was used to conduct questionnaire surveys of family factors and eye status among sampled students. Visual acuity tests and comprehensive eye examinations including slit lamp, retinoscopy, and corrected visual acuity were performed. Acquisition of various indicators, enter the application, the use of SPSS11.0 software for statistical analysis. RESULTS: Out of 2,256 students aged 15-19, 2037 (90.3%) students had refractive errors. Myopia is the leading cause of refractive errors (1951 / 2256,86.5%), astigmatism for the second reason (921 / 2256,40.8%), amblyopia (10 / 2256,0.4%), strabismus (5 / 2256,0.2 %), Hyperopia (4 / 2256,0.2%) and other eye disease incidence is relatively low. About 95.3% of students with refractive errors had glasses before the survey. Age, gender, eye status and family history of myopia risk factors. Conclusion: The incidence of refractive errors and the risk factors of secondary school students in Lanzhou are similar to those in other areas of China. It is necessary to take some interventions to protect the eyesight of middle school students.