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随着分子生物学和基因工程技术的发展,利用遗传学方法控制害虫种群成为人们研究的热点之一。研究者已经尝试利用基因突变、转基因和雄性不育等遗传学技术,培育遗传改造的害虫品系,释放后来控制自然界害虫的种群密度。但由于这些遗传学方法本身存在局限性,研究者开始探索利用低毒高效的荧光纳米材料基因载体携带外源核酸或农药分子进入昆虫或植物细胞从而干扰害虫的发育或行为的新策略。本文综述了害虫遗传学控制的2大策略种群替代和种群抑制的实现方法及其研究进展,并提出了利用新型荧光纳米粒子传送基因或药物的害虫遗传学控制新策略。
With the development of molecular biology and genetic engineering, the use of genetic methods to control pest populations has become one of the hot topics in people’s research. Researchers have attempted to use genetic techniques such as gene mutations, transgenes and male sterility to breed genetically engineered strains of pests that later release populations that control pests in nature. However, due to the limitations inherent in these genetic methods, researchers have begun to explore new strategies for using low-toxicity and high-efficiency fluorescent nanomaterial gene vectors to carry exogenous nucleic acid or pesticide molecules into insects or plant cells to interfere with pest development or behavior. In this paper, we review the methods and research progress of population replacement and population suppression in two strategies of pest genetic control, and propose a new strategy for pest genetic control using novel fluorescent nanoparticles for gene or drug delivery.