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对秦岭山脉、泰沂山脉和燕山山脉3个生态区的中国野生板栗种下居群的叶片、果实形态和主要营养成分进行了调查研究。结果表明:(1)3个居群的叶片大小、叶柄长和粗以及果实形状、大小和颜色等性状的变异系数均在10%以上,表现出丰富的遗传多样性,其中以叶面积及单粒质量变异幅度和变异系数最大,而果形指数变异幅度和变异系数最小,3个居群的变异趋势基本一致。秦岭山脉野生板栗单果质量的变异幅度为1.69～3.89g,变异系数18.3%;坚果中边果的形状有近圆形、圆形、椭圆形、扁椭圆形、短椭圆形等;坚果表面颜色有淡红、棕褐、红褐、褐色等;果肉有浅黄色、乳黄色等;涩皮均易剥离,具有北方炒食板栗的典型特征;(2)3个居群118个野生株系果肉中水分、总糖、淀粉、蛋白质、脂肪、灰分和维生素C含量在单株间差异显著,变异系数6.2%～28.3%,其中以坚果蛋白质含量的变异幅度和变异系数最大,3个居群的变异趋势基本一致;(3)同一性状在不同居群间大都存在显著或极显著差异,其中单叶面积和单粒质量以秦岭山脉居群最小,分别为56.34cm2和2.95g,而维生素C含量最高(0.97mg·g-1),分别是燕山山脉和泰沂山脉居群的2.29倍和2.22倍;(4)相关分析结果显示,单粒质量和单叶面积与降雨量和经度显著正相关,与海拔高度显著负相关,而维生素C含量与降雨量显著负相关,与海拔高度正相关,表明环境对板栗表型性状的遗传变异具有较大影响。因此,从野生板栗资源中进一步选择大果型、高蛋白质及高维生素C含量的优异种质的潜力很大。
The leaves, fruit forms and the main nutrients of Chinese wild chestnut seedlings in three ecotopes of Qinling Mountains, Taizi Mountains and Yanshan Mountains were investigated. The results showed that: (1) The variation coefficient of leaf size, petiole length and thickness, fruit shape, size and color of the three populations were above 10%, showing rich genetic diversity. Leaf area and single The variation range and variation coefficient of grain quality were the largest while the variation range and coefficient of variation of fruit shape index were the smallest. The variation trend of the three populations was basically the same. The variation range of the single fruit weight of wild chestnut in Qinling Mountains ranged from 1.69 to 3.89g, with a coefficient of variation of 18.3%. The shape of nuts in the nuts was nearly round, round, oval, oblate, short oval and so on. The surface color of nuts Pink, brown, reddish brown, brown, etc .; flesh with light yellow, milk yellow, etc .; astringent skin are easy to peel, with the typical characteristics of northern fried chestnut; (2) 3 populations of 118 wild strains of flesh The content of water, total sugar, starch, protein, fat, ash and vitamin C in the individual plants varied significantly from 6.2% to 28.3%, among which the variation range and coefficient of variation of protein content in nuts were the largest, (3) Most of the same traits existed significant or extremely significant differences among different populations. Among them, single leaf area and single grain mass had the smallest population of Qinling Mountains (56.34cm2 and 2.95g, respectively), and the highest content of vitamin C (0.97mg · g-1), respectively 2.29 times and 2.22 times of that of Yanshan Mountains and Taiyi Mountains. (4) Correlation analysis showed that single grain mass and single leaf area were significantly and positively correlated with rainfall and longitude, Significantly negative correlation with altitude, while vitamin C content and Rainfall was significantly negatively correlated positively correlated with altitude, suggesting that the environment has a great influence on the genetic variation chestnut phenotypic traits. Therefore, there is great potential for further selection of excellent germplasm with large fruit size, high protein and high vitamin C content from wild chestnut resources.