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以超高产中籼杂交水稻“皖稻153”为材料,在大田条件下,比较了不同施氮量对杂交中籼水稻群体质量、氮肥利用和产量形成的影响。结果表明,150 kg(N).hm-2、187.5 kg(N).hm-2、225.0 kg(N).hm-2、262.5 kg(N).hm-2和300.0 kg(N).hm-2等5种施氮量下杂交中籼稻产量差异显著,在150~262.5 kg(N).hm-2范围内,产量随施氮量增加而增加,以262.5 kg.hm-2施氮处理的产量最高(11 355 kg.hm-2),施氮量增加到300.0 kg(N).hm-2产量下降。不同施氮处理间产量差异主要是因为群体颖花量的差异,施氮量与群体颖花量呈极显著正相关(r=0.963 5**)。施氮量明显影响群体质量,适宜施氮量(262.5 kg.hm-2)能保证杂交中籼水稻达到较高的叶面积指数(LAI)和粒叶比,在抽穗期维持较高的叶片干物质分配比例和单茎叶片重,有利于后期植株光合能力的提高和光合产物的积累,使后期物质积累的贡献率提高,从而增加产量。适宜施氮量(262.5 kg.hm-2)的氮肥农学利用率也最高。推荐江淮稻区杂交中籼稻超高产栽培的适宜施氮量为262.5 kg.hm-2。
Under the field conditions, the effects of different N application rates on the population quality, N use efficiency and yield formation of mid-season indica hybrid rice were compared using super high-yielding indica hybrid rice “WanDao 153”. The results showed that 150 kg (N) .hm-2,187.5 kg (N) .hm-2,225.0 kg (N) .hm- 2,262.5 kg (N) .hm-2 and 300.0 kg -2 yield were significantly different among five N application rates. The yield increased with the increase of N application rate in the range of 150 ~ 262.5 kg (N) .hm-2. With the nitrogen application rate of 262.5 kg · hm-2 (11 355 kg.hm-2) and nitrogen application increased to 300.0 kg (N) .hm-2 production decreased. The difference in yield between different nitrogen treatments was mainly due to the difference in population spikelet capacity. There was a significant positive correlation (r = 0.963 5 **) between nitrogen application rate and population spikelet yield. The nitrogen application rate obviously affected the population quality. Suitable nitrogen application rate (262.5 kg · hm-2) could ensure high leaf area index (LAI) and grain-leaf ratio of mid-season indica rice, and maintain high leaves at heading stage The proportion of material distribution and the weight of single stems were beneficial to the improvement of photosynthetic capacity and accumulation of photosynthetic products in late stage, which increased the contribution rate of later accumulation of materials and increased the yield. The nitrogen application rate suitable for nitrogen application (262.5 kg.hm-2) was also the highest. The suitable nitrogen application rate for super high-yielding mid-season indica hybrid rice in Jianghuai rice area was 262.5 kg.hm-2.