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目的分析手足口病的就诊及临床特征,为手足口病的科学防控提供依据。方法收集2013年《疾病监测信息报告管理系统》中相关的手足口病病例并开展个案调查,采用描述性流行病学方法进行综合分析。结果共调查手足口病病例886例,男女性别比1.39∶1,散居655例,托幼及学校儿童231例;本地户籍359例,外地527例;85.78%出现发热症状,其中54.21%出现中热,32.24%出现高热;87.13%出现口腔疱疹;17.72%有呼吸系统症状;6.32%有消化系统症状;86.91%患者出现皮疹,其中87.14%为手部皮疹,70.39%为足部皮疹,29.74%为臀部皮疹;小于2岁儿童出现皮疹(口腔疱疹)比率高于2岁及以上儿童(P<0.05)。65.23%患者发病后2 d内诊断,本地、外地患者诊断及时性差异无统计学意义(χ2=2.59,P=0.107);22.01%患者住院治疗,本地、外地患者的住院率差异无统计学意义(χ2=2.21,P=0.137);病原学检测其他肠道病毒占77.17%,EV71占20.11%。结论手足口病症状以发热、皮疹等表现为主,患者就诊及时;仍应全面加强手足口病防治工作,降低发病率,避免或减少死亡。
Objective To analyze the treatment and clinical characteristics of hand-foot-mouth disease and provide basis for scientific prevention and control of hand-foot-mouth disease. Methods The cases related to hand-foot-mouth disease in 2013 Disease Surveillance Information Report Management System were collected and case-based. Descriptive epidemiological methods were used for comprehensive analysis. Results A total of 886 cases of hand-foot-mouth disease were investigated. The male-female ratio was 1.39:1. There were 655 cases of diaspora and 231 cases of child care and school children. There were 359 local residents and 527 cases of foreign residents. 85.78% had fever, of which 54.21% , 32.24% had fever; 87.13% had oral herpes; 17.72% had respiratory symptoms; 6.32% had digestive symptoms; 86.91% patients had rash, of which 87.14% were hand rashes, 70.39% were foot rashes and 29.74% Buttock rash; rash (herpes labialis) in children younger than 2 years was higher than children 2 years and older (P <0.05). 65.23% patients were diagnosed within 2 days after onset, and there was no significant difference in the timeliness of diagnosis between local and foreign patients (χ2 = 2.59, P = 0.107). There was no significant difference in hospitalization rate between 22.01% (χ2 = 2.21, P = 0.137). The etiology of other enteroviruses accounted for 77.17% and EV71 accounted for 20.11%. Conclusion The symptoms of hand, foot and mouth disease were mainly fever and skin rash. The patients were treated promptly. The prevention and treatment of hand, foot and mouth disease should be comprehensively strengthened to reduce the incidence and avoid or reduce the death.