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政府官员人性假定问题是政府管理实践与理论中的一个基础性问题,行政学界关于政府官员是“经济人”还是“公共人”聚讼不已。本文在综述学界观点的基础上,梳理了“经济人”和“公共人” 的概念,认为应当明确“经济人”机会主义倾向和可能利他但却有条件利他的特性;“公共人”是在既定条件约束下理性的、利他的、公共利益最大化的追求者,是非人格化的人,具有有限理性和无条件利他等特性。 “经济人”是政府官员人性实然状态的基本属性,“公共人”是政府官员人性的应然状态。应当以 “经济人”为基础,以“公共人”为导向构建政府官员的管理制度,将政府官员的行为导向“公共领域的企业家”行为。
The assumption of human nature by government officials is a basic issue in the practice and theory of government administration. There is endless litigation in the field of administration about whether the government officials are “economic persons” or “public persons”. On the basis of reviewing the academic viewpoint, this paper combs the concepts of “economic man” and “public man”, and thinks that the “opportunist” tendency of “economic man” and the characteristics of possible altruism but conditional altruism should be clarified. “Public ” is a rational, altruistic and public interests maximized aspirants under the established conditions, is an impersonal person, has the characteristics of bounded rationality and unconditional altruism. “Economic Man ” is the basic attribute of the official human nature, “public ” is the official state of human nature. The management system of government officials should be based on “economic man ” and “public ” as a guide to direct the behavior of government officials to “entrepreneurs in the public domain”.