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元谋干热河谷区的潜蚀非常发育,在土壤侵蚀与景观塑造中发育重要作用。基于对元谋干热河谷潜蚀地貌详细的野外考察,首先从动力条件上将潜蚀地貌分成流水型、重力型、流水-重力型;从发育方向上分为横向、竖向与斜向潜蚀地貌;从空间格局上分为孤立型与群聚型潜蚀地貌。然后阐述了潜蚀管道、淘洞、土腔、跌穴、竖井、陷穴、碟形坑及蚀余地貌(包括土桥、穿洞、土柱等)等主要潜蚀地貌的特征。最后讨论了干热河谷特殊的气候条件、土体性质、地质与地层、微地形及植被等对潜蚀地貌发育的影响,土体特性对潜蚀地貌的发育起着决定性作用。对各种潜蚀地貌的地学意义、形态特征、空间格局、形成原因、演化过程、环境响应、水文效应、多条件耦合、区域对比等研究是未来潜蚀地貌研究的主攻方向,潜蚀地貌类型及形成条件的研究将为这些方向提供基础与前提条件。
The latent erosion in Yuanmou dry-hot valley area develops very well and plays an important role in soil erosion and landscape modeling. Based on the detailed field investigation of the eroded topography of the Yuanmou dry-hot valley, the submarine topography was first divided into flowing water type, gravity type and flowing water-gravity type from the dynamic conditions; it was divided into horizontal, vertical and oblique subsidence Geomorphology; From the spatial pattern is divided into isolated-type and cluster erosion-eroded landforms. Then, the characteristics of main eroded topography such as eroded pipe, soil erosion, soil cavity, fall point, shaft, depression, craters and residual landform (including soil bridge, perforated hole, soil column, etc.) Finally, the effects of special climatic conditions, soil properties, geology and strata, microtopography and vegetation on the development of the eroded topography are discussed. Soil characteristics play a decisive role in the development of the eroded topography. The study of the geomorphologic features, morphological features, spatial patterns, formation causes, evolution processes, environmental responses, hydrological effects, multi-conditions coupling and regional contrast of various eroded topography is the main direction of the study on potential erosional landforms in the future. And the formation of conditions for these directions will provide the foundation and preconditions.