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本文拟对上海话与普通话的动作类词作一个比较,说明两者在形式和意义诸方面的异同,以期对上海话的动作类词有一个初步的认识。文中所说的上海话专指上海市区方言而言,材料主要来自许宝华、汤珍珠主编的《上海市区方言志》(下文简称《市区志》)的词汇部分。我们认为,方言词汇的差异主要体现为对应词的差异。所谓对应词,实际包含两类性质不同的词。一是形式对应词,一般指两个不同的语言系统中,语音形式有对应关系,用字相同或用字不同而读音相互对应的词;二是语义对应词,指两个不同语言系统中有相同意义的词。具体分析如下:
This article intends to make a comparison between the action words of Shanghainese and Putonghua to illustrate the similarities and differences between the two in terms of form and meaning so as to provide a preliminary understanding of the action words of Shanghainese. The dialect mentioned in the text refers specifically to Shanghai dialect, the material mainly from Xu Baohua, Tang Pearl editor of the “dialect of Shanghai dialect” (hereinafter referred to as “city dialect”) part of the vocabulary. In our opinion, the differences of dialect vocabulary are mainly reflected in the differences of corresponding words. The so-called correspondence, actually contains two different types of words. First, the form of the corresponding word, generally refers to two different language systems, the corresponding relationship between the phonetic form, with the same word or different words and pronunciation corresponding to each other; Second, the semantic correspondence, refers to two different language systems The same meaning of the word. Specific analysis is as follows: