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去年秋播期间,小麦主产区土壤墒情较好,小麦播期集中,出苗整齐,冬前苗情较好。但目前小麦生产存在一些不利因素,一是旱情持续发展。去年11月份以来,北方麦区降水偏少,华北和黄淮地区降水较常年同期减少7～9成,加之大风天气多,土壤失墒快,旱情持续发展;二是冻害频繁发生。去年12月初以来,冷空气活动频繁,部分地区麦苗发黄,严重地块出现死苗现象;三是病虫早发重发。去年秋播期间,气温偏高,墒情较足,小麦条锈病发生明显早于常年,发生面积大,扩展快,是近几年最重的年份。
During the autumn seasons last year, soil moisture was better in the main wheat producing areas, and the sowing date was concentrated and the seedlings were tidy. The seedling condition before winter was better. However, there are some unfavorable factors in wheat production. First, the drought continues to develop. Since November last year, rainfall in northern wheat areas has been relatively low. Precipitation in North China and the Huanghuai area has dropped by 7 to 9% over the same period of previous years. In addition, windy weather and soil loss of moisture have been rapid and the drought has continued to develop. Second, frost damage frequently occurs. Since the beginning of December last year, frequent cold air activities, yellow wheat seedlings in some areas, severe block appear dead seedlings phenomenon; third is the early recurrence of pests. During the autumn seasons last year, the temperature was high and the soil moisture content was adequate. The stripe rust of wheat occurred earlier than usual and its area was large and expanded rapidly. This is the heaviest year in recent years.