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市场化的乡村水利改革不可能解决农村水利公共品的供给问题。江汉平原上和豫南农区的小农治水实践表明,包括组织权威与社会权威在内的权威结构、分散和变革中的小农经济、农地制度构成了乡村水利制度的约束条件。而且,在组织成本不能得到解决的前提下,农地制度创新并不能从根本上解决水利公共品的供给问题,相反其外部性效应却造成更高层次上的、更为严重的公共品供给困境。而外出务工则在逐渐改变农户的经济状况,并引起农村经济基础的内在变革,从而使农户土地合约面临不确定性、复杂性、利益主体多元化。这样,强化合约主体中集体的协调能力,增强乡村社会的组织基础,而非不断弱化乡村治权,才是重构乡村水利制度的唯一选择。
The market-oriented rural water conservancy reform can not solve the supply problem of rural water conservancy public goods. The practice of small-scale peasants’ water management in the upper and south Henan areas in the Jianghan Plain shows that the small-scale peasant economy and the farmland system in the decentralized and changing rural areas constitute the constraints of the rural water conservancy system, including the authoritative structure of organizational authority and social authority. Moreover, under the premise of the organization cost can not be solved, the innovation of agricultural land system can not fundamentally solve the supply problem of water conservancy public goods. On the contrary, its external effect has caused the plight of higher-level and more serious public goods supply . While migrant workers are gradually changing the economic status of farmers, and cause inherent changes in rural economic base, so that farmers contract land is facing uncertainty, complexity, diversity of stakeholders. In this way, it is the only choice to reconstruct the system of rural water conservancy by strengthening the collective coordination ability in the main contract body and strengthening the organizational foundation of rural society instead of constantly weakening the rural power.