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以Al-Si合金粉末和B4C粉末为原料,采用粉末热挤压方法成功制备B4C/Al-Si复合材料,研究挤压工艺对复合材料微观组织的影响。结果表明:挤压温度为350~500℃时,挤压模角为45°、60°和90°,保温时间为30~120 min时,B4C在Al-Si基体中均匀分布无团聚现象;挤压温度为450℃,保温时间为60 min时,挤压组织达到致密化,且组织中的Si相均匀分布无明显长大现象;随着挤压温度升高和保温时间增加,复合材料中的Si相明显长大;增大挤压模角对基体组织和Si相的影响不大,但由于局部应变增强,B4C颗粒出现裂纹并发生明显的断裂。
The Al-Si alloy powder and B4C powder were used as raw materials to prepare B4C / Al-Si composites by powder hot extrusion method. The effects of extrusion process on the microstructure of composites were studied. The results show that when the extrusion temperature is 350-500 ℃, the extrusion die angle is 45 °, 60 ° and 90 °, and the holding time is 30-120 min, the B4C is uniformly distributed in the Al-Si matrix without agglomeration. When the temperature was 450 ℃ and the holding time was 60 min, the extruded structure was densified and the uniform distribution of Si in the structure did not increase obviously. With the increase of extrusion temperature and holding time, Si phase obviously grows. However, the effect of increasing the extrusion die angle on the microstructure and Si phase is not obvious. However, due to the increase of local strain, B4C particles appear cracks and break obviously.