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20世纪50年代,中共中央决定实施“一边倒”策略,加入以苏联为首的社会主义阵营。此举不仅使中国在当时复杂的国际政治环境中得到了苏联强有力的支持,而且也使中国获得了苏联的经济和技术援助,为战后国民经济的迅速恢复提供了保障,并奠定了中国的工业基础,提升了中国的工业技术水平。在来自苏联的多种技术转移中,技术教育的转移是其中的一项重要内容,且影响深远。苏联技术教育对中国的影响不仅仅表现在以国防技术教育为代表的北京航空学院、哈尔滨军事工程学院的建立方面,在诸如北京钢铁学院、北京石油学院等普通工业类院校中也有所体现。因此,当学界已对苏中两国之间的技术转移、军事技术教育的转移给予充分关注的同时,本文选择北京石油学院为个案,考察苏联对中国非军事院校的影响,以充实苏联对中国技术教育影响之研究。
In the 1950s, the CPC Central Committee decided to implement the “one-sided” strategy and join the socialist camp headed by the Soviet Union. Not only did this move made China strong support from the Soviet Union in the complicated international political environment at that time, but it also enabled China to gain the economic and technical assistance from the Soviet Union and provided a guarantee for the rapid recovery of the post-war national economy and laid the foundation for China The industrial base, enhance China’s industrial technology. Among the various technology transfers from the Soviet Union, the shift in technology education is an important part of it and far-reaching. The impact of Soviet technical education on China is not only reflected in the establishment of Beijing Aeronautical Institute and Harbin Institute of Military Engineering, which are represented by national defense technology education, but also in ordinary industrial colleges and universities such as Beijing Iron and Steel Institute and Beijing Petroleum Institute. Therefore, while the academic circles have given full attention to the transfer of technology between the two countries and the transfer of military technology education, this article selects Beijing Institute of Petroleum as a case and examines the influence of the Soviet Union on Chinese non-military academies to enrich the Soviet Union’s influence on China Research on the Impact of Technical Education.