【摘 要】
：
控释氯化钾在土壤中按照设定的释放率和释放期释放钾素,满足作物整个生育期对钾的需求,从而提高了肥料钾素的利用率;铜基营养保护剂(CNP)是山东农业大学在传统波尔多液有效成
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控释氯化钾在土壤中按照设定的释放率和释放期释放钾素,满足作物整个生育期对钾的需求,从而提高了肥料钾素的利用率;铜基营养保护剂(CNP)是山东农业大学在传统波尔多液有效成分的基础上,通过一定的生产工艺加工制成的。本研究采用盆栽试验,选用黄瓜和菠菜两种作物,同时施用控释氯化钾和铜基营养保护剂两种新型高效肥料,以普通氯化钾、传统波尔多液和美国Kocide产品为对照,研究铜基营养保护剂在预防病害及作物增产方面的效应,同时研究控释氯化钾与铜基营养保护剂的配合施用对作物生长及土壤化学性质的影响,为实现黄瓜和菠菜的高产高效优质生产提供科学依据。主要研究结果如下:1.喷施铜基营养保护剂和施用控释钾肥能显著提高黄瓜产量,且具有显著的交互作用,含硼锌的铜基营养保护剂较清水和传统波尔多液的处理分别增产106.73%和19.81%;控释钾肥较不施钾肥和施用普通钾肥的处理分别增产26.61%和6.22%。2.施用铜基营养保护剂处理与喷清水(CK)相比,对黄瓜植株白粉病具有很好的防治效果。与传统波尔多液(BDM)相比,使铜在植株中含量降低了74.30-89.07%,减少了铜的施用量和潜在的土壤铜污染。3.单一施用铜基营养保护剂显著提高了黄瓜和菠菜的产量,与传统波尔多液(BDM)相比,黄瓜增产在50.20-97.72%之间,菠菜增产在9.62-11.60%之间;与KCD(可杀得)相比,黄瓜增产在79.34-136.09%之间,菠菜增产在22.03-24.23%之间。4.施用铜基营养保护剂显著增加了黄瓜和菠菜中可溶性糖和维生素C的含量,改善了黄瓜和菠菜的营养品质。因此在黄瓜和菠菜上喷施铜基营养保护剂,能显著增加黄瓜和菠菜产量,改善营养品质,预防植株病害的发生。同时,在黄瓜上配施控释氯化钾,能较好的满足黄瓜生育期内对钾素的需求,达到高产高效优质的目的。
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