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When you isolated a large number of microorganisms from a specific environmental sample in order to discover some new species or to solve some scientific question related to microbes, the bothersome thing is that so many microbes need to be recognized and discriminated. In the face of the invisible microorganisms, humankind has lost some important capability. Fortunately, the modem molecular biological techniques have guaranteed us the ability to understand microbes.
During a biodiversity and taxonomic study on halophilic and halotolerant actinobacteria, numerous new strains were isolated from dry hypersaline soil samples collected from Xinjiang province. Members of halophilic and halotolerant actinobacteria are difficult to be identified just based on their morphological characteristics. Meanwhile, the chemo-taxonomic characterization of each novel isolate is a time-consuming task, which always cannot be undertaken when handling large numbers of new isolates, as is the case in biodiversity study or in natural product screening program. In order to differentiate them rapidly, a 16S rRNA gene based detection method has applied by using their unique DNA sequence regions determined by multiple sequences alignment. This approach allowed us to assign microbe to family, genus and even species tentatively, by the amplification of group-specific PCR.
In this work, 2 pairs of genus-specific PCR primers, corresponding to the genera Streptomonospora and Actinopolyspora respectively, were designed. A multiplex PCR protocol was developed for rapid identification of the genera Streptomonospora and Actinopolyspora simultaneously. Consequently, the intention of rapid identification of halophilic actinobacteria was realized successfully. The rapid identification result was reliable, that was confirmed by the partial 16S rRNA gene sequencing.